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COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 



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Historic 

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Greater. /New yoRK 

GUIDB-^OOK 

by 

CyWTHIA yA.WESTOVERy^LDEA 




The/^or§e Compaw 



THE GREATER NEW YORK GUIDE BOOK 



MANHATTAN 



HISTORIC AND ARTISTIC 



a ^^ix^JBaij JTour 



\. 



By CYNTHIA M. WESTOVER ALDEN 



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'WO^V^'^' 






THE MORSE COMPANY 

New York Boston Chicago 



Copyright, 1897, 
By Cynthia M. Westover Alden. 



Revised Edition. 



V 1 -i^ ■-, 



PREFACE. 

This work is a complete revision and logical 
development for Greater New York, of the vol- 
ume under the same name that was published 
in 1892 and met with immediate and continued 
public favor. It does not seek to take the place 
of a directory. Many places of considerable in- 
terest are barely mentioned, and some are not 
mentioned at all here. No catalogue of The- 
atres, or Hotels, or Churches, or Parks, or Li- 
braries will be found in these columns. Direc- 
tories are easily accessible. The want that was 
filled for the New York of 1892, by Manhattan, 
Historic arid Artistic, is filled for the mammoth 
New York of 1898 by the present issue. Visi- 
tors are told how to follow routes covering 
twelve half days, with an extra day in Brook- 
lyn, so arranged as to bring them within reach 
of a larger number of interesting features than 
any other routes taking the same time would 
furnish, every foot of the ground having been 



4 PREFACE. 

gone over and the time carefully registered. 
The hours when visitors are admitted to differ- 
ent institutions are always mentioned, and cal- 
culated for in the itinerary. 

Sightseers will find their efforts greatly facil- 
itated by reading the book before undertaking 
to follow any of the routes mapped out for them. 
Many places not indicated in the time-table, but 
described in the text, are too interesting to be 
passed by unobserved, and they may be of suf- 
ficient importance to some individuals to induce 
a change of plan. Plain directions accompany- 
ing each description, will enable the stranger to 
avoid ]nistakes. The routes are plainly marked 
on the maps. The book should therefore be a 
valuable aid to residents who are unable to de- 
vote their time to conducting guests about the 
city. 

This work also aims to be a serviceable book 
of reference. As a Primer of the History of 
New York it is a condensed compilation of the 
best authorities, and brings the past into a jux- 
taposition with the present that makes every 
locality instructive. 



PREFACE. 5 

To the courtesy which the author invariably 
received from historians, librarians, officials, and 
other persons to whom she applied for informa- 
tion or special privileges, the character of this 
work is larg-ely due. It is a pleasant duty to 
acknowledp-e this indebtedness. 



^ti 



Cynthia M. Westover Alden. 



TIME-TABLE AND ITINERARY, 



THE FIRST MORNING. 

9.00 A.M. Battery Terminus. 

9.25 " Fraunces' Tavern. 

9.50 " Produce Exchange. 

10.20 " Trinity Church. 

10.40 " Stock Exchange. 

10.50 " Wall Street. . 

11.00 '• Assay Office. 

11.15 " Treasury Building. 

11.40 " Equitable Building. 

12.00 M. Luncheon at the Cafe Savarin in 
Equitable Building. 



DESCRIPTION 
PAGE. 

n 

11-21 

21-23 

23-26 

30-34 

34 

34-37 

37 

37 

42 

45 



1.15 P.M. 



1.45 
1.55 
2.10 
2.35 
3.05 
3.35 
4.20 
4.45 



5.15 



THE FIRST AFTERNOON. 

"The Russian Wedding Feast," a Pic- 
ture Exhibited at No. 24 John 
Street. .... 

St. Paul's. . . . . . 

City Hall Park. 

The Governor's Room. 

American Tract Society Building. 

Franklin Square. .... 

Brooklyn Bridge. 

Broadway Cars. .... 

Wanamaker's, Formerly A. T. Stew- 
art's, Dry Goods Store. . 

Grace Church. .... 



47 



48 
49 
54 
56 
59 
60 
61 
63 

67 

70 



THE SECOND MORNING. . 73 

9.00a.m. "After the Hunt," a Picture Exhib- 
ited at No. 8 Warren Street. . 73 
9.15 " Park Row. .... 75 
9.45 " Chatham Square. .... 76 
9.55 " The Five Points House of Industry. 77 
10.40 " The Tombs. . . . . 79 
11.35 " Mott Street. .... 81 



TIME-TABLE AND ITINERARY. 



DESCRIPTION 
PAGE. 



THE SECOND MORNING.— Continued. 

11.45 A.M. Elevated Railway Station at Chatham 

Square. .... 81 

12.10 p.m. The Astok Library. ... 83 

12.45 " Luncheon at St. Denis Hotel. . 88 

THE SECOND AFTERNOON. . 89 

2.00 P.M. Cooper Union. .... 89-96 

2.40 " Stuyvesant Square. ... 96 

2.55 " Union Square. .... 99 

3.15 " West Fourteenth Street. . . 102 

3.45 " Young Women's Christian As.sociation. 104 

5.00 " Supper at Dairy Kitchen. . . 106 

THE THIRD MORNING. . . 107 

9.00 A.M. Meet in Union Square. . . 107 
9.35 " "Choosing the Bride," a Painting Ex- 
hibited AT Schumann's Jewelry 
Store. . . ... .107 

10.15 " Gramercy Park. ... 109 

10.30 " Academy of Design, . . . Ill 

12.00 M. American Art Galleries. . . 114 
1.00 P.M. Luncheon at Delmonico's, Corner of 
Fifth Avenue and Twenty-sixth 
Street. . . . . .119 

THE THIRD AFTERNOON. . 121 

2.00 P.M. Madison Square. .... 121 

3.30 " Works of Art in the Hoffman House. 122 

4.00 " Knoedler's Art Gallery. . . 123 

4.50 " Broadway Cars, Going Northward. . 123 

THE FOURTH MORNING. . 128 

9.00 a.m. Fourth Avenue Cars at Union Square. 128 
9.25 " A Tour in Fourth Avenue. . . 128-140 

10.00 " Lenox Library. ... 140 
11 00 " Fifth Avenue Stage. . . .143 

11.15 " St. Patrick's Cathedral. . . 147 

11.35 " Fifth Avenue Stage. . . . 148 

12.00 M. Washington Square. ... 158 

12.30 p.m. Luncheon. ..... 161 



TIME-TABLE AND ITINERARY, 



DESCRIPTION 
PAGE. 



THE FOURTH AFTERNOON. 



162 



THE DRIVE. . 



162-179 



5.00 P.M. "The Circle," Corner op Fifty-ninth 
Street and Eighth Avenue. — Boule- 
vard TO One Hundred and Tenth 
Street. — One Hundred and Tenth 
Street to Morningside Avenue 
West. — Morningside Avenue West 
TO One Hundred and Twenty sec- 
ond Street. — Amsterdam, or Tenth 
Avenue, to One Hundred and Forty- 
second Street. — One Hundred and 
Forty-second Street to Convent 
Avenue. — Convent Avenue to One 
Hundred and Forty-third Street. 
— One Hundred and Forty-third 
Street to the Boulevard, or Elev- 
enth AVENUE. — Boulevard to One 
Hundred and Sixty-first Street. — 
St. Nicholas Avenue to One Hun- 
dred AND Eighty-first Street.— 
One Hundred and Eighty-first 
Street to Washington Bridge. — 
Sedgewick Avenue to McComb's Dam, 
or Central Bridge. — Seventh Ave- 
nue to One Hundred and Forty- 
fifth Street. — One Hundred and 
Forty-fifth Street to Boulevard. 
—Boulevard to One Hundred and 
Thirty-first Street. — One Hun- 
dred and Thirty-first Street to 
Twelfth Avenue. — Twelfth Ave- 
nue to Riverside Park. — Riverside 
Drive. 



THE FIFTH MORNING. 
central park. 



180 



9.00 a.m. The Zoological Gardens, Corner of 
Sixty - fourth Street and Fifth 
Avenue. .... 



18:: 



10 TIME-TABLE AND ITINERARY. 



DESCRIPTION 
PAGE. 



9.30 
10.00 
10.15 


A.M. 


11.45 
12.00 


M. 



THE FIFTH MORNING.— Continued. 

Mall and Terrace. . . 183 
Park Phaeton at Terrace. . . 184 
The American Museum of Natural His- 
tory. .... 188 
Park Phaeton. .... 190 
Luncheon in Central Park at McGow- 

an's Pass Tavern. ... 191 



THE FIFTH AFTERNOON. . 193 

1.00 P.M. Points of Historical Interest. McGow- 

an's Pass, Block House, Etc. . 193 

2.00 " Park Phaeton. .... 193 

2.15 " The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 195 

5.00 " Park Phaeton. .... 200 



THE SIXTH MORNING. . . 202 

THE ISLANDS. 

9.00 A.M. Bedloe's, or Liberty, Island. . 202 

10.30 " Ellis Island. . . . .206 

11.30 " Governor's Island. . . . 209 

12.30 P.M. Luncheon at Delmonico's, Junction of 

Beaver and William Streets. . 211 

THE SIXTH AFTERNOON. . 212 

2.00 P.M. Boat for Glen Island Leaves Pier at 
THE Foot of Cortland Street for 
A Sail on the East River, Passing 
Blackwell's, Ward's, and Randall's 
Islands. .... 212-224 

EXTRA DAY'S OUTING. . 225 

A Peep at the City of Churches. — A 

Sunday in Brooklyn. . . 225-234 



[Views Taken by Richard Varick Penton.] 



THE GREATER NEW YORK, 



CHAPTER I. 

THE FIRST MORNING. THE BATTERY. 

Dutch Occupation. — Within the region of 
the little park which is situated at the southern 
extremity of the city, where we find ourselves 
at 9 o'clock on the morning of the first day of 
the six-day tour, are clustered many of the most 
interesting associations of the past. In 1626 
Manhattan Island was purchased by the Dutch 
West India Company from the Indians for beads, 
buttons and trinkets, equivalent in value to 
about twenty-four dollars. A blockhouse hav- 
ing been erected as a fortification, the settlers, 
who soon came from Holland, formed about it 
a little colony which they called i^ew Amster- 
dam. The fortress, which was named Fort 
Amsterdam and inhabited by Dutch governors 
for over fifty years, stood on tlie spot now occu- 



12 



GREATER NEW YORK. 



pied ])y the steamship oifices opposite Bowlin.;' 
Green — the water edge being then nearer than 
at present. 

As at this time Manhattan Island^ was within 
the limits of the northern colony of Virginia, it 
belonged in reality to the British crown, but 
its possession was not disputed until the year 




THE OLD FORT AT THE BATTERY. 



1664, when Charles the Second granted to his 
brother, the Duke of York and Albany, territory 
now comprising the States of New York, New 
Jersey and Delaware. Immediately after the 
transfer of this property, the new owner dis- 
patched troops wlio forced the Dutch governor 
(Stuyvesant) to surrender — wlien the name of 
the colony was changed to Xew York in honor 




Emite of First Day ^^ 
" " Second • 
" " Third ' 
*• •' Fourth ' 



14 GREATER NEW YORK. 

of the conqueror. From this time, Manhattan 
Ishmd was alternately in the hands of the Dutch 
and the Enoflish until 1674, when Great Britain 
regained possession and remained in power dur- 
ing the interval that preceded the Revolution. 

British Occupation. — This peaceful epoch 
constituted the golden age of colonial history. 
As late as the year 1700 there were but three 
liundred houses on this portion of the Island, 
and on moonless nights the streets were lighted 
by lanterns (containing candles) hung on a pole, 
from the window of every seventh house. The 
region of the Battery was the court end of the 
town, where the English governors and their 
suites, together with wealthy Dutch families, 
formed a circle ffimous for its culture, wit and 
beauty. During this regime the etiquette of 
foreign courts was punctiliously observed. 

American Occupation. — After the establish- 
ment of American independence, the old fort 
was torn down, and a mansion, intended as a 
residence for the President, was built upon its 
site ; but as this edifice was not completed until 
after the removal of the capital from Xew York, 
it was never occupied by the President, l)ut be- 
came the gubernatorial residence until the re- 
tirement of John Jav. After tliis time the 



GREATER NEW YORK. 15 

apartments were used as offices until the man- 
sion was replaced by the buildings now stand- 
ing on the site. 

In 1805, a new fort, erected at a little dis- 
tance from tlie old site, was named Fort Clin- 
ton, but its shape gave it the popular soubri- 
quet of " Castle." As originally built, the fort 
was separated from the mainland by a strip of 
water, bridged by a draw. It was a circular 
building of solid stone masonry, the walls of 
which were in some places thirty feet thick, 
mounted with barbette and casement guns, and 
regarded as a triumph of skill and solidity, al- 
though against modern guns it would have 
been a mere egg-shell. As the chief defence of 
the city of New York, it was liberally armed 
and garrisoned by the Grovernment. 

When in 1814, the blockade which the Eng- 
lish had established at the southern ports be- 
came extended along the coast, the possibility 
of a naval attack caused the citizens of New 
York to erect works on Brooklyn Heights, on 
the islands in the bay, along the shores of the 
lower bay, and at different points on the Hud- 
son and East Rivers ; thus making Fort Clinton 
practically useless for military purposes. It 
was, therefore, not long before the Grovernment 



16 Gn^ATER l^BW tORK. 

deeded the property to the State, since which 
time it has been called Castle Garden, and has 
been used for civic purposes only. 

Castle Garden. — Following- the time-table 
laid down in the itinerary, at 9:25 we will visit 
Castle Garden, which occupies the most beauti- 
ful spot on the Battery. After the fort and the 
surrounding gromids became state property, 
the whole aspect of the place was changed. 
Groves of trees were planted, and the parks 
thus made became the favorite resort of the 
fashionable. Elegant mansions occupied the 
whole of State Street, some of which remain, 
shorn of balconies and piazzas, and giving little 
evidence of their former grandeur. From the 
windows of these residences were witnessed the 
pageants occasioned by the inauguration of 
Washington, and the opening of the Erie Canal 
— when De Witt Clinton, with great solemnity, 
poured the waters from Lake Erie into those of 
the bay. Whitehall Street also was lined witli 
stately homes, but a great fire swept them all 
away. On festive occasions the trees in front of 
the drawbridge were liglited with colored lamps, 
and the draw was decorated with bunting, while 
1)ird-cages and hanging-baskets were hung in 
the casements. Brilliant receptions were held 



18 GREATER NEW YORK. 

within the fortress in honor of Lafayette, Pres- 
ident Jackson, President Tyler, and Henry Clay. 
It was here that a funeral cortege met the re- 
mains of John Quincy Adams. In 1850 a great 
union meeting was here addressed by Henry 
Clay, General Cass, Daniel Webster, R. C. Win- 
thro]), and Ogden Hoffman. Indeed, all mass- 
meetings and celel) rations assembled at this place 
until the uptown movement made New Yorkers 
require more central accommodations. 

In 1847 Castle Garden was fitted up as a the- 
atre and opera-house, and its stage was the 
scene of Jenny Lind's triumph three years later. 
The Julien Concerts and the voice of Madame 
Sontag made the year 1852 an equally memor- 
able one in the annals of its musical history. 

In 1855 a great change occurred in this his- 
toric buildino; • it was then leased to the State 
Board of Emigration, and used as a landing de- 
pot for immigrants. The Federal Government 
having taken to itself the duty of receiving this 
class of foreigners, has constructed more elab- 
orate accommodations for them on Ellis Island. 
Castle Garden is now occupied by the jS^ew York 
Aquarium. It was opened to the public Dec. 
10, 1896. There are fifty species offish on the 
ground floor, occupying thirty-six tanks — 



GREATER NEW YORK. 19 

eighteen on a side — and seven large pools. Up- 
stairs, there are forty-seven tanks ready to be 
filled. There are from fifteen to twenty thou- 
sand visitors every Sunday. This Aquarium is 
open every day in the week. The total expenses 
are borne by the city. 

The sight-seers should bear in mind that this 
morning's tour is "done on foot." There is no 
possible way of utilizing the street-cars, for in 
every block of the way is found some object of 
historical interest which demands more time 
than that of a passing glance given from a 
street-car. 

The Battery at the Present Time. — Ship- 
ping and warehouses, business offices, etc., now 
' surround the park on the land side, almost ob- 
literating the historic landmarks. The termini 
of all elevated roads, and the Broadway and 
Belt Line surface cars, are at the southern ex- 
tremity, where are also ferries to Brooklyn, 
Staten Island, Coney Island, Governor's Island, 
and Bedloe's Island. The granite structure near 
by, with a tower ninety feet in lieight, is the 
United States Barge Office — a building intended 
to accommodate the Surveyor of the Port. 
Floating bath-houses, that furnish free bathing 
facilities during the warm season, are moored 



GREATER NEW YORK. 21 

to the Battery walls. A statue of Captain John 
Ericsson was erected in this place April 26, 
1893. It is so situated as to face the incominp- 
steamers. The inscription on the pedestal reads : 
' ' The city of New York erected this statue to 
the. memory of a citizen whose genius has con- 
tributed to the greatness of the Republic and to 
the progress of the world." 

Points of Interest between the Battery 
AND Bowling Green. — The first Custom House, 
erected during the administration of Peter 
Stuyvesant, stood at the corner of State and 
Whitehall streets. In Pearl Street, between 
State and Whitehall, stood the first church and 
parsonage of New Amsterdam, surrounded by 
the walls of the fort. South of this, in White- 
hall Street, the United States Army Building 
rears an imposing front. 

The Old Fraunces' Tavern still stands at the 
southeastern corner of Pearl and Broad streets. 
This building, originally the home of Etienne 
De Lancey — the father of the lieutenant-gov- 
ernor — was converted into an inn after tlie owner 
had built a more palatial residence in Broadway. 
The " great room " of the establishment was 
once utilized as a Chamber of Commerce, and in 
it occurred the closing scene of tlie Revolution 



22 GREATER NEW YORK. 

— the parting of Washington with his officers, 
previous to the surrender of his commission to 
the Continental Congress. The supreme mo- 
ment had arrived when these brothers-in-arms, 
whose mutual eiforts.and sufferings had achieved 
a sublime victory, must part from their leader 
and from each other. Filling a glass with wine, 
Washington said to his officers : " With a hearfc 
full of love and gratitude, I now take leave of 
you, and devoutly wish that your latter days 
may be as prosperous and happy as your former 
ones have been glorious and honorable. I can- 
not come to each of you to take my leave, but I 
shall be obliged if each one will come and take 
my hand." Each embraced him in turn, too 
much overcome with emotion for speech, after 
which the General silently withdrew from the 
room, and entered a barge which awaited him 
at the foot of Whitehall Street. The room hal- 
lowed by this memorable event is still preserved, 
but it is used as a restaurant ; the lower part of 
the building is a saloon. Relics of the past 
adorn its walls, and an old table is shown, which 
is supposed to have been one of the original 
articles of furniture. The building has several 
times been repaired, but some of the Holland 
bricks are still visible in the walls, while others 



GREATER NEW YORK. 23 

of tlieiii are collected in the cellar, and are given 
to relic-hunters by the obliging proprietor. 

During the latter half of the last century a 
Royal Exchange for Merchants stood at the foot 
of Broad Street. This curiously constructed 
building consisted of one large room supported 
by arches. 

In State Street, near the corner of Bridge 
Street, the home of Washington Irving and the 
famous Knickerbocker inn of Peter Bayard were 
situated. 

Bowling Green. — Leaving the Battery, we 
come to the encircled space at the foot of Broad- 
way, which has been known as " Bowling 
Green " ever since the early days when it was a 
market-place in front of the fort, and a field for 
the sports of Dutch lads and lassies. 

Here was the scene of the riot of 1765, when 
the " Sons of Liberty '' opposed the Stamp Act, 
burned the effigy of the English governor, and 
cast his coach into a bonfire that had been 
made of a wooden fence which then surrounded 
the Green. When the cities of the colonies after- 
ward united to form a Stamp- Act Congress, and 
thus secured the repeal of this obnoxious law, 
the gratitude of the citizens induced them to 
erect a leaden equestrian statue of George III. 



GREATER NEW YORK. 25 

upon the centre of the Green. This was pulled 
down in 1T7G, at the time of the reading of the 
Declaration of Independence, and was afterward 
melted into bullets and used for the defence of 
American liberty. The iron balls, with which 
the pickets of the fence surrounding the statue 
had been decorated, were at the same time taken 
for cannon-shot. 

Another event which marked the fame of this 
locality was the parade of 1788, on the occasion 
of the adoption of the Constitution by New York 
State. This was the first important pageant 
ever seen in America, and in it every class of the 
population appeared, even the most noted per- 
sonages. The President and members of Con- 
gress, while watching the procession from the 
walls of the fort, were saluted with a salvo of 
thirteen guns from a float representing a Fed- 
eral ship, emblazoned with the name of Alex- 
ander Hamilton, and manned by thirty sailors, 
with a full complement of officers. 

In 1789 the face of the first President of the 
Republic appeared on a huge transparency 
which adorned the Grreen on the evening of his 
inauguration. 

A fountain and flower-beds inclosed by an 
iron railing now occupy this historical site. 



26 GREATER NEW YORK. 

Lower Broadway from Bowling Green to 
Trinity Church. — East of Bowling Grreen, the 
first object which attracts attention is the Pro- 
duce Exchange, a magnificent structure of 
granite, terra-cotta, and red brick, and one of 
the finest specimens of architecture in New York, 
the style being a modification of Italian Renais- 
sance. The gallery is opened to visitors during 
the hours of exchange — from 10 o'clock a.m. un- 
til 3 o'clock p.m. — and the clock-tow^er, or cam- 
panile, from which a beautiful a iew of the city 
and bay may be obtained. This tower is accessi- 
ble, when tickets are procured from the superin- 
tendent, at all times, except Saturdays in the 
afternoon, and Sundays. From the corner of 
Beaver Street may be seen a portion of the 
Cotton Exchange — a handsome edifice of yellow 
brick, with stone facings. 

The Washington Building, Xo. 1 Broad- 
way, is a gigantic structure twelve stories in 
height, which was erected by Cyrus W. Field. 
The detail of its architectural plan is crude 
French Renaissance. Adjoining on the north, 
and several stories high, is the massive Bowling 
Green Building. This side of Broadway was 
once occupied by the residences of wealthy and 
fa.mous persons. 



^8 GREATER i^EW YORK. 

The Kennedy House, built in 1760 by 
Archibald Kennedy, Collector of the Port, stood 
at the corner. It was a spacious and elegant 
mansion situated in the midst of beautiful 
grounds that extended to the water's edge. 
Greneral Putnam made this house his head- 
quarters previous to the battle of Long Island ; 
and it was also occupied at various times by 
Lord Cornwallis, Lord Howe, Sir Henry Clin- 
ton, and Talleyrand. Here Benedict Arnold 
arranged his conspiracy against his country ; 
and from here AVashington witnessed the depar- 
ture of the British troops. In its later years 
this residence was converted into the Washing- 
ton Hotel. The second house was a spacious, 
old-time edifice, built and originally occupied 
by the Honorable John AVatts. It is also said 
to have been the honie of Benedict Arnold and 
Robert Fulton. Next was the residence of 
Judge Robert R. Livingston, and afterward of 
his son, Chancellor Livingston. From here 
Washington viewed the fireworks on his inau- 
gural night. The fourth house, N'o. 7, the only 
relic of former times which remains standing in 
this vicinity, was the interesting home of John 
Stevens — the inventor and builder of the first 
steamship that ever ploughed the ocean. N'os. 



GREATER NEW YORK. ^9 

9 and 11 were connected houses, afterward con- 
verted into the Atlantic Garden, the site of 
which was originally occupied by the tavern of 
a Dutch burg-omaster, Martin Cregier. 

The Welles Building, No. 18, stands on the 
east side of the street. Just beyond, at No. 
26, is the imposing pile built and occupied by 
the Standard Oil Company. This edifice, like 
many of our buildings, possesses no definite 
style ; indeed, the variety that is to be found in 
nearly every architectural structure in the city 
may lie said to form a composite that is dis- 
tinctly American — it lieing almost impossible 
to preserve a pure historic style and meet 
modern requirements. 

Aldrich Court, at No. 45, is a sort of mod- 
ernized Romanesque. 

The Consolidated Stock and Petroleum Ex- 
change, at the corner of Exchange Place and 
Broadway, is a crude conglomeration in design. 
Visitors are admitted to the gallery of this build- 
ing, from 10 o'clock a. m. until 3 o'clock p. m., 
to watch the buying and selling of oil, mining, 
and railroad stocks. 

No. 41 Broadway is the place where stood the 
first habitations erected by white men on Man- 
hattan Island. The McComb Mansion occupied 



30 GREATER NEW YORK. 

the site in later years, where lived the French 
minister during the early part of the first admin- 
istration, and where Washington subsequently 
resided for a few months previous to the re- 
moval of the capital to Philadelphia. No. 66 
Broadway is the Manhattan Life Building, the 
tower of which is occupied by a United States 
Sio-nal Service Station. "Farmer Dunn " is 
always particularly pleasant to any visitor who 
cares to venture up twenty-four stories in order 
to see him. There are certain visiting days, but 
as these cliange, the .best way is to get special 
permission from the authorities in the Manhattan 
Buildino; main office. The tower of this build- 
ing is the highest point in the city. 

Trinity Church. — The conspicuous brown- 
stone edifice which next challenges attention is 
"Old Trinity," one of the most interesting land- 
marks in New York. With the exception of the 
Dutch Reformed Collegiate Corporation, it is 
the oldest church organization in the United 
States — Episcopacy having become the leading 
religious . system under the royal government. 
Trinity Church was originally erected in 1696 
— a grant of land having been obtained from 
AA' illiam and Mary, to be located " in or near to 
a street without the north gate of the city, com- 



ii^iiiinp^ailii 



Mmmm 






S2 OUEATER JStmV TOMK. 

monly called Broadway.'' In 1703 the parish 
was further enriched by Queen Anne with a gift 
of the "King's Farm," a district including about 
thirty blocks in the immediate vicinity. Be- 
cause the clergy persisted in reading the prayer 
for the king, the church was closed at the out- 
break of the Revolution, and it was destroyed 
by fire in 1776. In 1790 a new structure was 
erected, in which a richly ornamented and can- 
opied pew was dedicated to the President of the 
United States, and another was reserved for the 
Governor of New York. The second edifice was 
pulled down in 1839, and it was not until 1846 
that the present handsome specimen of Grothic 
architecture was erected on its site. 

The church doors always stand invitingly 
open. Chimes in the belfry chant the hours. 
Inside, carved Gothic columns support a groined 
roof. The reredos, which is a memorial to 
William B. Astor, erected by his sons, is a per- 
fect flower-garden of architectural art, com- 
posed of marbles, Caen stones, and mosaics of 
glass and precious stones. The middle panel of 
the altar is made up of a Maltese cross, in the 
four arms of which are cut cameos representing 
symbols of the Evangelists, while at the inter- 
section of the arms is a delicately outlined bust 



GREATER 2fmV YORK 33 

of the Saviour. A ring- of lapis lazuli encircles 
the cross, in which are set chrysoprase and car- 
buncles. Rays are formed of red and white 
tufa, with gold as an enrichment, and the whole 
is framed with a rich carving of passion flowers. 
A.t each side are kneeling angels, carved in white 
marble, framed by red Lisbon marble shafts, 
with white marble carved capitals and divisional 
bands. The side panels are beautiful, but some- 
what less elaborate. The carved panels above 
the altar line represent scenes in the life of 
Christ, the middle one being a flne rendering of 
Leonardo da Yinci's "Last Supper." Statuettes 
of the Apostles, separated by red granite col- 
umns, occupy the next line, with a large trian- 
gular carving of the Crucifixion. An elaborately 
carved course of foliage, with birds and flowers, 
forms the cornice, which is broken in the mid- 
dle by a gable completed by a plain cross. The 
four buttresses are surmounted with pinnacles 
of rich carving that support angels with uplifted 
wino's, the treatment beino- similar to Fra Ano-e- 
lico. The whole design is in keeping with the 
characteristics of the church, the style being the 
perpendicular Gothic of the fourteenth, flfteenth, 
and sixteenth centuries. 

The last record of many names illustrious in 



U GREATER nEVT YORK. 

history may l3e found in the graveyard surround- 
ing- the church. N'ear the left entrance is the 
monument to Captain Lawrence. The tomb of 
Alexander Hamilton is near the Rector Street 
railinof. Just west of it is the vault of Robert 
Livingston, in whicli also reposes the body of 
Robert Fulton. In the northeastern corner is a 
monument which was erected by Trinity Cor- 
poration in honor of the heroes who died in the 
British prisons. Near by are graves that date 
back to the first church, and in close proximity 
to the railing is a flat stone marked ' ' Charlotte 
Temple," which indicates the grave of the un- 
fortunate woman whose sad history is told in 
the novel that bears her name. 

Trinity Corporation supports several chapels 
and numerous parochial schools and charities. 
It has always been munificent in its liberality 
to public and private interests. Its property is 
very valuable, the income derived from it be- 
ing about half a million dollars per annum. 

Wall Street. — Directly opposite Trinity 
Church is a street which contains almost as many 
associations as the localities previously described, 
even its name having been derived from the 
fact that a protecting wall, which defined the 
northern boundary of the city, once followed its 





BROAD STREET. 



36 GREATER NEW YORK. 

course. Elegant residences lined the street in 
later days, that subsequently gave place to gov- 
ernment buildings and the financial institutions 
that, since the civil war, have l^econie world- 
famous through the extent of their transactions. 
The massive and imposing buildings that 
now stand at the south side of the street are the 
United Bank Building at the corner of Broad- 
way ; Ko. 10, As tor Building ; No. 13, the visit- 
ors' entrance to the Stock Exchange — one of the 
chief places of interest to strangers — open from 
9 to 3 o'clock dailv ; the Drexel Buildino-, at the 
corner of Broad Street, the Mills Building ad- 
joining the Drexel Building in Broad Street; 
several very ornate buildings that belong to 
banking concerns, and the United States Cus- 
tom House — a structure of Quincy granite with 
a portico containing eighteen Ionic columns 
thirtv-eiofht feet in heig-ht. The rotunda of this 
building is eighty feet high, the dome of which 
is supported by eight pilasters of fine variegated 
Italian marble. The cost of this structure was 
$1,800,000. The departments connected with 
the Custom House are those of the Collector, 
the Naval Officer, the Surveyor, and the Deputy 
Surveyor — who is in charge of the Barge Office 
at the Battery. 



GREATER NEW YORK. 37 

In 1709 a slave-market was instituted iat the 
foot of Wall Street, at which time Africans were 
brought to the city in large numbers. 

Ko. 46, at the north side of the street, is the 
spot identified with the office where Professor 
Morse's telegraphic instrument and one operator 
lonof remained idle while waitins: for the recos"- 
nition of the commercial world. The liandsome 
block of granite near by is utilized entirely for 
business offices. 

The United States Assay Office, where vis- 
itors may see the preparation of gold and silver 
bullion daily, between the hours of 10 a.m. and 
2 p.m., is easily identified, being the oldest 
building in the vicinity. 

The United States Sub-Treasury, at the 
corner of Nassau and Wall streets, is a buildino- 

o 

associated with so much of our history that a 
short digression becomes necessary. 

During the administration of the third Dutch 
Grovernor, Kieft, a clumsy stone house was 
erected in Pearl Street for the purpose of ac- 
commodating travellers, public meetings, and 
later, a public school. Afterward, when the 
house was remodeled, and a pillory, cage, whip- 
ping-post and ducking-stool were added to its 
accommodations, it was called the " Sti^dt-Huys," 



S8 GREATER NEW YORK. 

or City Hall, and remained in active use until 
1700, when a new City Hall was built upon the 
site of the present Sub-Treasury — the ground 
was one of the gifts to the city from Colonel 
Abraham De Peyster, who was mayor in 1691. 
Besides the rooms necessarily devoted to public 
business in this later edifice, one afterward con- 
tained the Corporation Library, a gift to the 
city of one thousand six hundred and twenty- 
two volumes ; another was used as a fire-engine 
house, while the entire upper story became con- 
verted into a Debtors' Prison. From the bal- 
cony was read the Declaration of Independence, 
July 18, 1776, amidst the rapturous applause 
of citizens wlio understood the fierce struo:H'lc it 
inaugurated. After the war, when Congress 
appropriated the building, it was remodeled by 
private subscription into the Federal Hall, where 
Washington was unanimously elected President 
of the new Republic ; where he was inaugurated, 
April 30, 1789, and where Congress met while 
New York was the Capital of the Nation. 

The subsequent rapid growth of the city 
necessitating a new City Hall as early as 1812, 
the Government purchased Federal Hall and 
erected the present structure on its site, intend- 
ing it originally for a Custona House. This 



GREATER NEW YORK. 



39 



granite edifice is of Doric design, having a por- 
tico containing marble columns thirty-two feet 



in height. 



The Colossal Statue of " Washington 
Taking the Oath of Office," by J. Q. A. Ward, 




which stands at the entrance, is an admirable 
work of art, erected by the N'ew York Chamber 
of Commerce and presented to the United States 
Government in 1883, President Arthur accept- 
ing the gift in behalf of the Grovernment just 
one hundred years after Washington's triumphal 



40 GREATER NEW YORK. 

entry into New York. Near the base of the 
statue lies the identical stone upon which Wash- 
JnH'ton stood during the ceremony of the first 
inaug'uration. The inscription on the pedestal 
is as follows : 

" On this Site, iu Federal Hall, April 30, 1789, 

George Waslilngtou 

took tlie oath of office as first President of the 

United States." 

Within the building, to wliich visitors are ad- 
mitted from 10 o'clock until 3 o'clock, are many 
vaults for the storage of coins and notes. Desks 
of the different divisions surround the rotunda, 
the dome of which is supported by sixteen Corin- 
thian columns cut from solid blocks of marble. 

Coffee Exchange. — On the corner of Pearl 
and Beaver streets, quite near the Custom House, 
is the New York Coffee Exchange. This was 
organized in 1882 and lias over three hundred 
members. Tlie transactions yearly amount on 
an average to 3,000,000 bags. 

Among the other large buildings you find in 
this vicinity are Lord's Court, corner of Wil- 
liam and Exchange Place, the Johnson Build- 
inof, Xo. 32 Broad, and the Commercial Cable 
Building, corner of Broad and N^ew, next the 
Stock Exchange. Now walk up Wall Street to 



GREATER NEW YORK. 41 

the corner of Nassau, and there stands the new 
Grillenden Building. In Broadway, facing Wall 
Street, stands Trinity Churcli, which place you 
have already visited. 

Lower Broadway and Vicinity from Wall 
Street to the Post-Office. — At the west side 
of Broadway, one block north of Trinity Church, 
stands a building. No. Ill, which was erected 
by, and bears the name of, Francis Boreel, a 
Dutcli nobleman, who married the (rranddaua'h- 
ter of John Jacob Astor. The spot on which 
this building stands was originally occupied by 
the elegant home of Lieutenant-Governor James 
De Lancey, after whose death the property was 
converted into a pu1)lic house, known by a great 
variety of names, the most famous of which was 
"Burns^ CoiFee House.'' In this hotel the cele- 
brated "Non-Importation Agreement'' was 
signed. Later, the house became a favorite 
resort of the British officers, on account of its 
proximity to "The Mall "—a fashionable prom- 
enade in front of Trinity Church — and after the 
Revolution its " great room " was the scene of 
Washington's inaugural ball ; also of many 
public dinners, concerts, and assemblies. In 
1793 a syndicate of New York merchants pulled 
down the old building and erected a new one, 



42 GREATER NEW YORK. 

called the City Hotel, which furnished accom- 
modations for the entertainment of magnates, as 
well as for public assemblies of every descrip- 
tion. 

At the opposite side of the street is the Guern- 
sey Building, No. 164. The Equitable Life 
Insurance Building, on the same side of the way, 
between Pine and Cedar streets, is an excellent 
specimen of modern French Renaissance. The 
interior contains a magnificent court, tilled with 
offices and stalls. In the wall near the stairway 
is a fine mosaic. The story occupied by the 
Equitable Life Insurance Company is magnifi- 
cently decorated with marble. 

Mutual Life Insurance Building. — Pass 
through the Equitable to the rear and you will 
find the Mutual Life Insurance Building, sixteen 
stories high without the tower. This structure 
was erected at a cost of 2,000,000 of dollars and 
more ; the style is French Renaissance. The 
number of this buildino- is 28 J^assau. The old 
building is on the corner of Liberty Street and 
Broadway. 

The historic Middle Dutch Church, of quaint 
Holland architecture, wdiicli formerly occupied 
the site of the Mutual Life Building, was erected 
in 1729. Here twelve elders with stereotyped 



GREATER NEW YORK. 



43 



countenances sat in solemn state aronnd the high 
pulpit, and listened to the Dutch dominies whose 
learned discourses until 1764 were delivered in 
their native tongue. It was in the wooden steeple 
of this church that Franklin experimented with 
the lightning. The bell, a gift from Colonel 




THE POST-OFFICE IN THE NASSAU STREET CHURCH. 



Abraham De Peyster, was cast in Amsterdam, 
where many citizens are said to have thrown 
silver coins into the metal while it was in fusion. 
During the Revolution the church was used by 
the English for a prison, three thousand Federal 
troops having endured incredible sufferings 
within its walls, while almost as manv more were 



44 anEATEH NEW YORK. 

confined in an old sugar-house near by. In 
1844 the property was sold to the Government, 
and for a number of years was used as a post- 
office. 

Clearing-House Association. — No. 81 Cedar 
Street is the Clearing-House, a medium througli 
which the city banks exchange the amount of 
checks and bills which each holds against all 
the others for the amount of those held against 
them. The balances are made up during the 
day by the Clearing-House, and the different 
banks are notified. This Association commenced 
operation in 1853. The new building was fin- 
ished and occupied in 1896. 

The Association is now composed of forty- 
seven National Banks and eighteen City Banks. 
The Assistant Treasurer, U. S., at New York, 
also makes his exchanges at the Clearing-House. 
There are seventy-seven Banks, Trust Compa- 
nies, etc., in the city and vicinity, not members 
of the Association, which make their exchanges 
through banks that are members, in accordance 
with the resolution adopted October 14, 1890. 

The Clearing-House transactions for the year 
ending October 1, 1896, were : Exchanges, 
$29,350,894,883.87 ; Balances, $1,843,289,238.- 
66 ; making a total transaction, $31,194,184,- 



OtlEATER NEW YORK. 45 

122.53. Total transaction since organization, 
forty-three years, $1,154,170,955,653.67. The 
hirgest daily transactions on record, February 
28,^1881, amounted to: Exchanges, $288,555- 
981.58 ; Balances, $7,265,440.29 ; total, $295,- 
822,442.37. 

By this time, if you have followed the itin- 
erary, it will l^e about 12 o'clock. Return to 
the Equitable Building' and lunch at the Cafe 
Savarin. Of course, if one does not care for 
such an elal^orate spread as is served here, you 
will find in the immediate vicinity several 
smaller restaurants, where a cup of good coffee 
and a sandwich can be procured. 




NEW YORK CLEARING-HOUSE. 



CHAPTER 11. 



FIRST AFTERNOON. 



One o'clock and luncheon over, pdss through 
the arcade into Nassau Street. Xo. 27 is the 
Bank of Commerce. A fine building, owned by 
the Library Corporation, and containing the 
earliest loan-library in America — since removed 
to the corner of Leonard Street and Broadway 
— once stood at the corner of Nassau and Cedar 
streets. Nassau, one of the oldest streets in 
New York, still retains the narrow irregularity 
of the foot-path which gave it its direction. 

Walk up Nassau to Liberty Street, and on 
one corner will be seen a building known as the 
Syndicate Building, one of the latest structures, 
with all modern improvements. 

Continuing up Nassau one block, you will 
come to Maiden Lane, which crosses Nassau 
Street one block north of the Equitable Build- 
ing. It is now a trade-centre for manufacturing 
jewelers, but was once a favorite resort for 
laundresses, on account of the little stream which 



48 GitEATEn NEW YOBK. 

flowed through it — hence its name, " Maagde 
paetze," or "Virgin's path." This street was 
laid out about 1G93, when Colonel Fletcher was 
governor. 

In John Street, one block further north, was 
a small, wooden theatre, called the Theatre 
Royal, in which British officers were often ama- 
teur performers, and where Major Andre was 
both amateur actor and scene-painter. In 1786 
the first Methodist church was erected in this 
street. 

" The Russian Wedding Feast," a celebrated 
painting by Makofl'sky, is exhibited at No. 24 
John Street. As a realistic, life-like painting, 
with superb coloring, it is well worth a visit. 
An entrance fee of twenty-five cents, which is 
appropriated to some charitable institution, is 
charged. 

At the corner of Broadway and Dey Street, 
directly opposite John Street, is the Western 
Union Telegraph Company Building, the design 
of which is technically called Neo-Grec. The 
Coal and Iron Exchange is one block south, at 
No. 19 Cortlandt Street. 

Fulton, the first street north of Dey and John 
streets, is known by the same name from one 
river to the other. Washington Market is at 



GREATER NEW YORK. 49 

the Hiulson River terminus, and Fulton Market 
is in the same street, near the East River. The 
region overlooking the latter market-place was 
once called "Golden Hill." A skirmish at CliiF 
and Fulton streets, in January, 1770 — ^caused 
by the indignation which the British soldiers 
aroused by repeatedly demolishing the lil)erty 
poles erected by citizens — has been termed the 
first battle of the Revolution. In this first, as 
in the last conflict, the British were worsted. 

The southeastern corner of Fulton Street and 
Broadway is occupied by the Evening Post 
Building. 

St. Paul's Chapel, the next attraction in 
Broadway, was built in 1766 by Trinity Corpora- 
tion, and is the oldest church edifice in the city. 
Trinity Congregation has occupied this chapel 
several times while its own edifice was in pro- 
cess of reconstruction. Here divine service was 
conducted in 1789, immediately after the inau- 
guration of Washington, and also in 1889, at 
the centennial celebration of that event. During 
the early part of his administration the first 
President worshiped in the pew which is sit- 
uated under the gallery at the northern side of 
the chapel, about half-way between the chancel 
and the vestry, and adorned by a fresco of the 



GREATER NEW YORK. 51 

American Eagle. Governor George Clinton 
occupied the pew directly opposite. 

The churchyard adds to the venerable appear- 
ance of the chapel. Under the portico, at the 
Broadway side, lie the remains of General Rich- 
ard Montgomery, who was killed in 1775 while 
storming Quebec, and on the wall al)ove is a 
tablet erected to his memor}' 1)y order of Con- 
gress. At the left stands a monument to Thomas 
Addis Emmet — the brilliant Irish patriot who 
came to America soon after his release from im- 
prisonment in Ireland, and established himself 
here in the practice of law. Dr. Mac Nevin, 
Emmet's compatriot and fellow-sufferer, has a 
monument at the right. The actor, George 
Frederick Cooke, is also buried in these grounds. 
The rector and vestry of Trinity Church occupy 
offices in the building at the rear of the ceme- 
tery. 

The block at the north of the chapel is occu- 
pied by the Astor House. The New York Herald^ 
which now occupies a new building at Broadway 
and Thirty-fifth Street, was formerly at the south- 
eastern corner of Broadway and Ann Street, 
where, in former years, P. T. Barnum drew large 
crowds to visit his American Museum. That 
site is now occupied by the St. Paul Building, 



52 OREATER NEW YORK. 

which with its tower has twenty-five stories de- 
voted to office use. 

The Post-Office. — The triangular buikling 
opposite the Astor House is the city Post-office, 
completed in 1877. The material is of light- 
colored granite, and the architecture is a mix- 
ture of Doric and Renaissance, the domes hav- 
ing been patterned after those of the Louvre in 
Paris. The third and fourth floors are occupied 
by the Law Listitute and Library, and by the 
United States Courts and their offices, but the 
remainder of the building is used entirely by 
the Post-office Department. From twenty-two 
to twenty-four collections are daily made from 
twenty-two luuidred lamp-post boxes, and over 
two thousand men are employed in the main 
office and the seventy-seven sub-stations under 
its control, and twenty-six branch post-office 
stations in addition. 

The statistics of the business of the Post-office 
for the year ending June 30, 189G, are as fol- 
lows : 

The sale of stamps, envelopes and cards for 
the year amounted to $7,002,349.53. The net 
revenue of the Post-office for 1896 was $4,646,- 
836.43. Domestic money orders amounting to 
',293,547.33 were paid, and the international 



54 GREATER NEW YORK. 

orders paid amounted to $526,520.93. The 
city's free delivery service cost $1,373,648.47 
and the special delivery, $45,850.96. The car- 
riers during" the year delivered 365,885,666 
pieces of mail matter, and 139,398,285 pieces 
found the persons to whom they were addressed 
by means of the post-office boxes. 

Of registered mail handled 1,556,323 pieces 
were delivered in the city. In the year the 
total number of pieces of mail handled was 1,361,- 
356,483, or a daily average of 3,729,744. 

In former years, before the Middle Dutch 
Church was used as a post-office, a rotunda in 
the park north of the present building*, was 
changed from a cyclorama to a station for the 
distribution of Uncle Sam's mail. The indigna- 
tion of the merchants was at this time aroused, 
because the Post-office was located so far up- 
town. 

It was in 1718 that the first rope- walk ap- 
peared in Broadway, between Barclay Street and 
Park Place. Columbia College, originally called 
King's College, formerly stood west of Broad- 
way, in Park Place. 

City Hall Park. — The park at the north of 
the Post-office, was called "The Fields," or 
" The Commons," in the early days, the ground 



GREATER NEW YORK. 



55 



now occupied by the post-office being included 
in it. At a public meeting- in this place Alex- 
ander Hamilton delivered his maiden speech. 

The white marble building, designed in the 
Italian style of architecture, is the City Hall. At 
tlie time of its completion, in 1812, it was unsur- 




CITY HALL AND NATHAN HALE STATUE. 



passed by any edifice in the country; indeed, it 
was the only chaste and classic specimen of archi- 
tecture which New York possessed, until the 
pure Grothic of Trinity and Grrace churches in- 
spired a desire for something better than the 
feeble imitations of Greek temples that had 



56 GREATER NEW YORK. 

previously abounded. The headquarters of 
the city government are in this building ; also 
the city library. The " Grovernor's Room" 
contains portraits of national celebrities, the 
chairs used by the first Congress, the desk on 
which Washington penned his first message to 
Congress, and his inaugural chair. Here the 
remains of President Lincoln lay in state, while 
for twenty-four hours a sad procession, which 
even during the night did not diminish in vol- 
ume, surged by the catafalque. 

The County Court House stands at the north- 
ern end of the park, a white marble building of 
Corinthian design, which perpetuates the mem- 
ory of the gigantic frauds perpetrated during 
the Tweed regime. Different authorities esti- 
mate the cost of this edifice to the city to have 
been from eight to thirty millions of dollars. It 
now accommodates the State Courts and several 
of the city departments. The city almshouse 
formerly stood on this site. 

A jail, called " The Provost,'' which, previous 
to the Revolution, had been erected near the 
eastern border of the park, was used during the 
British occupation for the confinement of nota- 
ble American prisoners, the marshal making 
himself conspicuous for his criminal treatment 



GREATER NEW YORK. 57 

of the captives. This relic of revolutionary 
times still stands. After the war it was used 
as a debtors' prison, common felons having- been 
confined in the " Bridewell," which stood be- 
tween the City Hall and Broadway. A gallows 
frowned between the two buildings. In 1830 
"The Provost" was remodeled to imitate the 
Temple of Diana at Ephesus, and has since been 
used for the offices of the Register, except 
when, during the cholera scourge of 1832, it 
was converted temporarily into a hospital. 

Park Row. — Because the group of lofty 
buildings that face the park from the east and 
south are mostly newspaper offices, the [)lace has 
received the name of " Printing House Square." 
The hiio-e structures that stand a little to the 
south of the park are filled with law and 
business offices. Temple Court, at the south- 
western corner of Nassau and Beekman streets, 
is one hundred and sixty feet in height. The 
Morse Building, at the northeastern corner of 
the same streets, is one hundred and sixty-five 
feet in height. The Potter Building, opposite, 
at the northwestern corner, is one hundred and 
eighty-five feet, and in this is situated the daily 
New York Press. The Times Building, just 
north of this, is two hundred and thirteen feet 



GREATER NEW YORK. 59 

hiofli. The material of this last edifice is lio-ht 
granite, and its style is a beantiful adaptation of 
the Gothic. The Trihune Building-, which was 
the first lofty edifice in this vicinity, stands at 
the corner of Spruce Street and Park Row, with 
a Ijronze statue of the Tribune^ s founder, Horace 
Greeley, in front of it. 

On the corner of Nassau and Spruce is tlie 
American Tract Society Building, which is 
twenty-two stories high. The tower, which 
consists of two additional stories, contains a res- 
taurant, where, for a moderate price, a delight- 
ful luncheon may be procured. The view from 
this tower quite equals that obtained from tlie 
^lanhattan Life. The Sim Building is next to 
the Trihune Building, while at the north, tower- 
ing over all, is the Pulitzer Building, a colossus 
of the colossi, of Scotch sandstone and terra- 
cotta, three hundred and seventy-five feet in 
height. The New York Journal has its main 
offices in the Trihune Buildino-. The Commercial 
Advertiser is at 29 Park Row, the Mail and Ex- 
press is at the corner of Broadway and Fulton 
Street, the N'ews at 2r5 Park Row, and the Staats 
Zeitung is in Tryon Row, opposite the Bridge. 

On the site of the Potter Building were for- 
merly the "Brick Church" (Presbyterian), of 



60 GREATER NEW YORK. 

which the popidar Dr. Sprin<^ was pastor, and 
the Park Theatre, a play-house where the best 
society witnessed histrionic exhibitions by Mat- 
thews, Cooper, Cooke, Kean, Macready and 
Junius Brutus Booth. 

The Statue of America's Philosopher and 
Patriot, Benjamin Franklin, by Plassman, 
which stands in the Square, was given to the 
city by a private citizen in 1872. 

Franklin Square. — A short walk in Frank- 
fort Street, an unattractive thoroug'hfare south 
of the Pulitzer Building-, affords an opportunity 
for inspecting the supporting towers of Brooklyn 
Bridge, the arches under the bridge-approach, 
etc. The elevated-railroad station, which crosses 
the street at Franklin Square, marks a spot once 
celebrated for its aristocratic residences. The 
first presidential mansion was in Cherry Street, 
near Pearl, but proved to be inconvenient be- 
cause so far out of town. Walton House, the 
palace of the city, was at No. 326 Pearl Street, 
the grounds extending eastward to the river. 
Harper's Publishing House is the only ol)ject of 
interest in the vicinity now, business and tene- 
ment houses having obliterated all traces of 
former grandeur. 

The Model Tenement Houses, erected by a 



QnEAfm NEW tOHK, 61 

company composed of members of the Society for 
Ethical Culture, are some distance beyond, at 
No. 306 Cherry Street. The houses are kept in 
excellent repair, and are said to yield four and 
one-half per cent, on the investment, the object 
of the company beincr to realize a fair profit and 
not an exorbitant one. From Franklin Square 
to South Street is but a step ; there the Belt 
Line cars run northeast to Montg-omery Street, 
near which, in Cherry Street, these houses are 
situated. Returnini^, the cars at the corner of 
East Broadway and Essex Street will convey 
passengers to Broadway at Ann Street. 

Brooklyn Bridge. — East of City Hall Park is 
the New York and Brooklyn Bridge, over which 
between 130,000 and 140,000 persons pass on 
foot daily, and about 159,000 by railway. The 
footway is free to the public ; the car-fare is five 
cents for the round trip. The total income for 
1896 was $1,112,957. The entire length of the 
bridge is five thousand, nine hundred and eigh- 
ty-nine feet, and its width is eighty-five feet, in- 
cluding a promenade for foot-passengers, two 
railroad tracks — on which run passenger cars 
propelled by electric power, and a stationary 
enofine for auxiliarv cable service, on the Brook- 



't:? 



Liary 



lyn side — and two roadways for vehicles. The 



GREATER NEW YORK. 63 

floor of the bridge at its greatest height is one 
hundred and thirty-five feet above high-water 
mark, but full-rigged ships have to strike their 
topgallant - masts to pass under unimpeded. 
The height above water of the supporting tow- 
ers is two hundred and seventy-two feet. The 
bridge was opened in the summer of 1883, hav- 
ing been constructed at a cost of fifteen millions 
of dollars. A ride over the railway to Brooklyn, 
returning by the way of the promenade, will 
aftord the best views of the bridge, the East 
River, and the Bay. 

Lower Broadway. — The yellow surface-cars 
that pass the City Hall Park at the west on 
Broadway, furnish the best means of viewing 
that street as far up as Fourteenth Street. On 
the corner of Broadway and Murray is the 
Postal Telegraph Building, and just above is 
the Home Life Insurance Building, 256 Broad- 
way. 

The white marble building at the Chambers 
Street corner, was formerly A. T. Stewart's 
wholesale dry-goods store, but is now remod- 
eled for offices. The site was originally used 
as a neoTO burial- o^round. Two blocks further 
north, Duane Street marks the site of the old 
New York City Hospital, built in 1775, and sur- 



64 GREATER NEW YORK. 

rounded by five acres of ground, containing 
mao-nificent elms. On the northwest corner of 
Broadway and Duane Street is located the Mu- 
tual Reserve Fund Life Association. The Ionic 
Building, at Leonard Street, belongs to the New 
York Life Insurance Company. At this place 
Contoit's Garden used to call together the fiish- 
ionable people, young and old, to enjoy its cool 
shade and partake of its ices and lemonades. 
The magnificent building* of the Grlobe Mutual 
Life Insurance Company is directly opposite. 
On the corner of Broadway and Pearl stands 
the Central National Bank Building. 

Canal Street, so called because a canal, 
which formed an outlet for the waters of Collect 
Pond, once ran through it to the Hudson River, 
is seven blocks north. Sidewalks and roadways 
were on each side of the water — which explains 
the width of the street — and a stone bridge 
crossed it at Broadway. When the canal was 
filled in this bridge was left intact, and still re- 
mains imbedded under the pavement. 

The Board of Education occupies a building 
at the right of Broadway, in Grand Street, two 
blocks east, No. 146. 

At the Prince Street corner, three blocks up, 
was the spacious and pleasing Niblo's Garden 



66 GREATER NEW YORK. 

Theatre, the stage usually being devoted to 
spectacular plays. Both the theatre and the 
Metropolitan Hotel formerly belonged to the 
estate of the late A. T. Stewart. This site is now 
occupied by the Havemeyer Buikling. 

Richmond Hill, the delightful country-seat 
where General and Mrs. Washington were quar- 
tered during the eventful summer of 1776, was 
situated west of this, near the Hudson. After- 
ward, when it was the home of the first vice- 
president, Mrs. Adams wrote of it: "In natural 
beauty it might vie with the most delicious spot 
I ever saw.'' It was the residence of Aaron 
Burr at the time of his duel with Hamilton, but 
was soon after sold to John Jacob Astor, who 
converted it into a public resort. 

The Central Police Station is the next point 
of interest near which the car passes. It is sit- 
uated at 300 Mulberry Street, two blocks east 
of Broadway, and one-half block north of Hous- 
ton Street. In it is exhibited the " Rogues' 
Gallery,'' a collection of more than a thousand 
photographs of notorious criminals. A general 
reorganization of the police force was begun in 
1895. There are thirty-five precincts — one of 
which includes \\\^ harbor — each under the com- 
mand of a captain and sergeants. Each precinct 



GREATER NEW YORK. 6T 

has a building for the accommodation of police- 
men and homeless individuals. 

No visit to the city would be complete with- 
out inspectino' some of the leading stores, and 
probably none of them has so many interesting- 
associations as the extensive dry-goods house 
which occupies the entire block between Ninth and 
Tenth streets, in Broadway. Stop the car at Ninth 
Street in order to visit this emporium. It is 
now owned by John Wanamaker, of Philadel- 
phia, l)ut it was A. T. Stewart who secured for 
the establishment its prominence. 

Between Ninth and Twelfth streets are the 
dry-goods stores of John Daniell & Sons, and 
James McCreery & Co. 

Washington Square. — At the lower end of 
Fifth Avenue, having an area of about nine 
acres, is a public park, of much historic inter- 
est. It is located between Fourth Street on the 
south, Waverly Place on the north. University 
Place on the east, and Macdougal Street on the 
west. This ground was formerly occupied as a 
Potter's field, and it is estimated that over 100,- 
000 bodies have been buried in this ground, 
where now the multitude of living beings gather 
for pleasure. 

This Square has been in past years the resi- 



^^v^i 



lag iHi 101 




GREATER NEW YORK. 69 

deuce of iiiciuy of the old New Yorkers. On one 
side of the Square is the University Building 
and the Asbury M. E. Church. The statue of 
Garibaldi is worth inspection. 

Washington Memorial Arch. — For the cele- 
bration of the centennial of the inaug'uration in 
this city of Gleneral Washington as first Presi- 
dent of the United States, there was erected in 

1889, in Washington Square, a triumphal arch 
designed by Stanford White, surmounted by a 
colossal statue of General Washington . From this 
temporary arch originated the idea of construct- 
ing, from the same design, the present structure, 
built of white Tuckahoe marble in classic style. 
The corner-stone was laid on Decoration Day, 

1890. The capstone bears the words from Wash- 
ino'ton's inaua'ural address, " Let us raise a 
standard to which the wise and honest can re- 
pair. The event is in the hands of God." 

The arch is 77 feet 4 inches high, and its cost, 
wliich was $128,000, was paid by popular con- 
tributions. 

The Studio Building, in West Tenth Street 
near Sixth Avenue, was for many years the 
working-place of celebrated artists. Near by 
is the Jefferson Market court and prison, an ir- 
regular but unique and handsome structure, 



70 GREATER NEW YORK. 

built of red brick and sandstone, in the Italian 
Gothic style. Adjoiiiing this is Jefferson Market, 
a brick structure, richly ornamented with terra- 
cotta. Unless one cares to devote more time 
than is allotted for the afternoon in the itinerary, 
it will be best not to cross over to Sixth Av- 
enue to see Jefferson Market, but continue on 
up Broadway to Grace Church. 

Grace Church. — In Broadway, north of Tenth 
Street, stands Grace Church, which, with the 
edifices attached, is built of white limestone, in 
chaste, fourteenth century Gothic style, forming- 
one of the most beautiful architectural effects 
in the city. The rectory is connected with the 
church by a clergy-house, which contains a 
library and reading-room open to church mem- 
bers. In the grounds is a colossal terra-cotta 
jar that was found forty feet below the surface 
in Rome. The small building at the south of 
the church is the chantry, in which daily services 
are held. This, with the chancel, and two or- 
gans connected by electrical machinery, are 
gifts from Miss Catherine Lorillard Wolfe, the 
chancel having been erected as a memorial to 
her father. The tower contains a fine set of 
chimes. Back of the church, in Fourth Avenue, 
is a day-nursery for the caring for young 



S: 






nii0i»' 



1 




72 GREATER NEW YORK. 

children during the hours when their mothers 
are at work. This is known as Grace Memorial 
Home, and was erected by Vice-president Levi 
P. Morton, as a tribute to his wife. 

Grace Church was founded in 1805, its first 
building occupying the corner of Broadway and 
Rector Street. The present structure was built 
in 1846. Next to Trinity, Grace is the wealth- 
iest Episcopal church corporation in the city. 
On the corner of Eleventh Street is the St. Denis 
Hotel. 

The Star Theatre, at the corner of Thirteenth 
Street, was built in 1862, and shortly afterward 
came under the able management of Lester Wal- 
lack, who for twenty years associated its boards 
with all that is best in legitimate comedy. The 
Morton House is on the southeast corner of Four- 
teenth Street. 



CHAPTER III. 

THE SECOND MORNING. 

"After the Hunt," by W. M. Harnett. — At 
9 o'clock the party will fincl itself at No. 8 War- 
ren Street, near City Hall Park, ready for the 
second day's sight-seeing. A remarkable paint- 
ing, on exhibition at No. 8 Warren Street, repre- 
sents an old barn-door on which hang imple- 
ments of the chase and trophies of a hunt. Prob- 
ably nothino; more realistic has ever been seen 
on canvas than these panels, so marvelously like 
wood, in which a cunningly wrought nail-hole 
deceives the most practiced eye. A battle scene 
in the Franco-Prussian war, and " The Quarrel." 
l)y Meissonier, and many other valual)le paint- 
ings are in the collection here exhibited. Ladies 
are frequent visitors between the hours of 8 and 
11 o'clock. 

The Staats Zeitung Building, over the por- 
tals of which stand life-size bronze statues of 
Franklin and Gutenburg, is across the park, at 
the junction of Park Row and Centre Street. 

73 



NEW YORK CITY 

UPPER SECTION 




GREATER NEW YORK. 75 

The total valuation of this property is $400,000. 
This, in the old days, was the starting- point of 
the Boston Road. 

Park Row. — From the Staats Zeitung Build- 
ing to Chatham Square, Park Row, former- 
ly called Chatham Street, has lono- been in- 
habited by Jews, who deal in cheap clothing. 
The Newsboys' Lodging-House is east of Park 
Row, in the first street that crosses it. From 
one room in a private house in this vicinity the 
first post-ofi[ice distributed mail to the city. At 
the right, in Madison Street, near Pearl Street, 
the first public school opened in 1805, with forty 
pupils, De Witt Clinton and the Society of 
Friends having been instrumental in projecting a 
work wliich is now expanded until it comprises 
over three hundred schools and a free college, 
under a municipal Board of Education. There are 
four evening high schools, fifteen evening schools 
for males and eleven for females. At the northwest- 
ern corner of Park Row and Baxter Street the 
famous Tea-water pump was situated — a remark- 
able spring from which fourteen thousand and 
three hundred gallons of pure water were daily 
drawn and sold about town for one penny a 
gallon. Refer to your several maps, and note 
how you reach Chatham Square. The route of 



76 OREATER NEW YORK. 

each day is distinctly marked out, the line of 
travel for each day being indicated by heavy, 
light, or dotted lines, as you will discover by 
turnino- to the different sections. 

Chatham Square, which is but two blocks 
from Baxter Street, was formerly the burial- 
ground of the Jews. Just beyond were the 
British intrenchments, in which dead bodies of 
American prisoners were indiscriminately thrown 
without rights of sepulture. 

The Five Points. — At the west, Worth Street 
leads by Mulberry and Baxter streets, where are 
teeming masses of the lowest grades of human- 
it}^ Baxter Street was once the Mecca for 
cheap clothes. Friday is the great bargain day 
for these small shops, and certainly it will pay one 
to walk through and get a bird's-eye view of the 
" East Side." The junction which is formed by 
Baxter with other streets is called "The Five 
Points" — a locality long celebrated for the 
criminal character of its population, but now 
reclaimed, through the efforts of devoted mis- 
sionaries, until its dangerous elements have 
nearly disappeared. Italians, Chinese, beggars, 
boot-blacks, opium peddlers, etc., live in the 
vicinity now, but criminals are rare. An old 
brewery, which once sheltered the very worst 



OBSJAfEU NEW YORK. 77 

characters and was associated with the most ap- 
palling crimes, is no more, and the low dens 
that are still to be found in the narrow streets 
near by will be rapidly obliterated by the busi- 
ness houses that are continually encroaching*. 
A visit to at least one of the missions should not 
be omitted. 

The Five Points " House of Industry," 
founded in 1850, has since that time received 
over thirty thousand inmates and furnished in- 
struction to fifty thousand children. Gamins 
from the neighborhood, as well as those children 
who reside in the building, are carefully trained 
in common-scliool branches, special attention be- 
ing given to the study of the physiological effects 
of alcohol. A daily bath also exercises its salu- 
tary influence upon the pupils. A children's 
song-service, composed of classical selections 
astonishingly well rendered — and demonstrat- 
ing the practicability of utilizing the best music 
as a means of refining the ignorant — is held 
Sunday afternoons at 3:30 o'clock, after which 
visitors are permitted to inspect the building. 
The officers of the institution, who keep them- 
selves informed concerning the welfare of the 
children that have been under their care, assert 
that so far only two have been known to lead 



(GREATER NEW YORK. T9 

criminal lives. Women also are sheltered here, 
and employment is found for them. 

" The Five Points Mission " is opposite, and 
in the small space between is a band-stand, 
where open-air evening concerts are given to 
audiences composed of tramps of both sexes, 
whose faces expose their hardened characters, 
making the name of the place, " Paradise Park," 
an awful misnomer. 

The Tombs. — In Centre Street, one block 
toward the west, stands an imposing granite 
pile, ominously called '' The Tombs," and used 
as the city prison. This edifice, which covers 
an entire block, was erected in 1838 on ground 
made by filling Collect Pond. Although the 
foundations of the building were laid much 
deeper than usual, the walls settled, and ap- 
peared to be in peril, but as they have stood 
for over half a century, they are now considered 
safe. The site chosen was unfortunate, because 
the hollow ground does not show to advantage 
the really ^i\q building. It is said to be the 
purest specimen of Egyptian architecture out of 
Egypt. The necessarily damp and unwhole- 
some condition of the soil renders the place a 
very poor one for the confinement of human 
beings. To further add to the pestilential con- 



80 



GREATER NEW YORK. 



clition of this swamp-land, some tanners, who 
previously occupied the locality, left their vats 
open when they removed their tanneries, and 
for a long time these plague-spots remained. 

The portico is supported by massive and som- 
bre pillars. The Police Court may be visited 




without permits from 9.30 o'clock until 4. The 
prison entrance is in Franklin Street. Here 
criminals wait to be tried, and convicts were 
executed. Permits are required, in order to 
visit the dark and gloomy cells, between the 
hours of 11 o'clock and 2. These may be se- 



GREATER NEW tORR. gl 

cured from the Commissioners of Public Char- 
ities, at their bureau, corner of Third Avenue 
and Eleventh Street. 

The new building for the accommodation of 
the criminal courts is at the north of the prison. 

MoTT Street. — Returning to Chatham Square 
by Worth Street, a few moments should be 
devoted to Mott Street, which swarms with 
representatives of the Chinese nation, usually 
very well-behaved persons. The Joss houses 
are easily discoverable, because of their oriental 
decorations, but they are not open to the pub- 
lic. The exclusively foreign aspect of the 
place inspires one with tlie feeling of the child 
who, when taken to visit the panorama of Get- 
tysburg, asked, " Why, where is New York?" 

The Bowery. — From Chatham Square the up- 
town train on the elevated road passes through 
a street which bears a unique reputation. "The 
Bowery," from beginning to end, is a queer 
conglomeration of cheap stores, concert-saloons, 
variety theatres, and dime museums, while vend- 
ers of all sorts of small wares impede the side- 
walks. The character of this locality has also 
changed with time. The "Bowery Boy," who 
terrorized the police, and made his face good for 
an entrance-fee to tlie theatre, has disappeared ; 



82 GREATER NEW YORK. 

and even the "young fellow" of the period 
finds his paste diamonds too little appreciated 
by the Germans, who are rapidly taking posses- 
sion of his old "stamping-ground." The name 
of this street was derived from the fact that it 
was originally a lane passing by Dutch farms, 
or " booweries." It would be a good plan to 
board one of the cars that will take you up the 
Bowery. 

The Old Bowery Theatre (now called The 
Thalia), replete with traditions of the Ameri- 
can stage, still stands below Canal Street, just 
a little above Chatham Square. Malibran, 
Hackett, Forrest, the elder Booth, Charlotte 
Cusliman, and many other great stars, have 
made this place luminous with their presence. 
Since their day the rougher class has made it a 
home for heterogeneous melodrama. 

Three savings banks in this street have greatly 
aided to promote frugal habits among residents 
of the vicinity. A branch of the Young Men's 
Christian Association is also located here. The 
shopping centre for country people, and the 
smaller trades-people, is east, in Grand Street, 
two blocks further north, where goods are 
much cheaper than in the fashionable quarter. 
A totally different aspect characterizes this lo- 



GREATER NEW YORK. 83 

cality from that which appears about the up- 
town stores. If you have been riding in a sur- 
face-car up the Bowery, it will be advisable to 
again become a pedestrian at East Third Street, 
in order to visit the libraries. 

Lafayette Place, which extends at right an- 
gles with East Third, or Great Jones Street, 
one block west of the Bowery, is a quarter in 
which the antiquated style of the old residences 
gives them an air of great respectability. It is 
now mostly appropriated by publishing houses, 
religious newspapers, and restaurants. 

The Astor Library Building, at the east side 
of the street, covering the site of the old Yaux- 
hall Garden, is of brown-stone and brick, Ro- 
manesque in design, and in pattern similar to 
the royal palaces of Florence. This building 
was erected in 1853 — according to the will of 
John Jacob Astor — who left four hundred thou- 
sand dollars for this purpose ; and appointed the 
most able scholars, with Washington Irving as 
their president, to act as trustees. There are 
nearly four hundred thousand books on the 
shelves, mainly books of reference, and the fact 
that annually there are about sixty thousand 
persons who seek exact knowledge in this classic 
library, demonstrates the intelligence of the age. 



GREATER NEW YORK. 85 

There is still capacity for about two hundred 
thousand volumes. In the collection are records 
of the effective work of the United States Sani- 
tary Commission during- the war, rare Grreek 
and Latin manuscripts, an illuminated manu- 
script volume of chants used at the coronation 
of French king's, and some black-letter tomes 
that include a copy of the hrst printed Bible, 
and a fair amount of Shakesperiana. These 
will be shown on application. The library is 
open from 9 o'clock to 6, and is accessi1)le 
to any person by simply registering^ name and 
address. Since the original endowment, Wil- 
liam B. Astor has contributed five hundred and 
hfty thousand dollars, and John Jacob Astor — 
the grandson of the founder — three hundred 
thousand dollars. 

The Astor Library, in connection with the 
Lenox Library and the Tilden Trust, has been 
consolidated into the N^ew York Public Library, 
with an annual income of over $160,000. The 
Astor and Lenox Libraries, occupying some- 
what the same field, were, to a certain extent, 
duplicating their work. On May 23, 1895, a 
formal agreement was executed, pursuant to 
the enabling acts, whereby a consolidated cor- 
poration was formed under the name of the New 



86 GREATER NEW YORK. 

York Public Library — As tor, Lenox and Til- 
den Foundations. The American Bible Society 
now deposits its collection of Bibles and Bible 
manuscripts with this corporation. This is an 
acquisition of peculiar importance, because of 
the fact that the Lenox collection of Bibles was 
already one of the finest in the world, and the 
addition of books and manuscripts belonging 
to the Bible Society will serve to bring it up 
to a still higher degree of perfection. {See 
Lenox lAhrary.) 

On its departure for Washington, in 1861, 
the Seventh Regiment National Guard formed 
in line along this street, in front of the Library, 
amid great excitement and a profuse display of 
banners and bunting. This corps was composed 
of the youth and flower of the city. 

The Mercantile Library. — Astor Place, 
which diagonally crosses Lafayette Place at the 
north, is a quarter mostly occupied by publish- 
ing houses. A new Clinton Hall stands at the 
triangle formed by the junction of Astor Place 
and Eighth Street, the old one which stood on 
the same site was recently pulled down because 
it was too small to accommodate the Mercantile 
Library, for which it had long been a home. 
This library, founded in 1821 for merchants^ 



GREATER NEW YORK. 8T 

clerks, occupied a hall (called Clinton Hall be- 
cause De Witt Clinton presented the first book) 
at the corner of Beekman and N'assau streets. 
Columbia College granted two free scholarships 
to the organization, and members secured many 
privileges in the way of lecture courses and 
class instruction. Nothing is more interesting 
than a history of the institutions founded in this 
city during the first half-century of our Repub- 
lic, at which time the energy and insight of a 
few public-spirited men — among whom none 
were more conspicuous than De Witt Clinton — 
laid the foundation for broad and far-reacliing 
educational systems that are proving of incalcu- 
lable benefit to the whole nation. The library 
was moved to its present site in 1854. Two 
hundred thousand volumes, l)esides newspapers 
and periodicals, occupy its shelves, and new 
books are constantly being purchased. Branch 
libraries are at JS^o. 62 Liberty Street, and at 
No. 431 Fifth Avenue. The charges for yearly 
membership are four dollars for clerks and five 
dollars for other persons. 

The Clinton Hall, which has been recently 
demolished, was originally the Astor Place 
Opera House, where, in 1849, the Forrest-Mac- 
ready riot occurred — an outbreak which was 



88 GREATER NEW YORK. 

occasioned by the uii[)o[)ularity of Macready, 
wlio was supposed to have prejudiced Euo^lish 
opinion against Forrest, the American favorite. 

A l)ronze statue of Samuel S. Cox stands in 
tlie trianguhir space east of Clinton Hall. It 
was executed by Miss Louise Lawson, and erect- 
ed by the letter-carriers of the United States in 
1891. 

Cross over to Broadway and Eleventh Street to 
the St. Denis Hotel, where a delightful luncheon 
may l^e obtained at moderate prices. At 2 
o'clock you are due at Cooper Union, a few 
blocks away, at the junction of Third and Fourth 
avenues, Seventh Street and the Bowery. 



CHAPTER IV. 



SECOND AFTERNOON. 



Cooper Union. — The massive brown-stone 
building at the right, the old portion of which 
is classic, and the additions of which are Gothic 
in design, is a monument of far-sighted philan- 
thropy, built in 1857 by the late Peter Cooper, 
at a cost of six hundred and thirty thousand 
dollars, and endowed hy him with tln^ee hundred 
thousand dollars for the support of the library, 
free reading-room, and schools of art and science. 
The li])rary, which is open between the hours of 
8 o'clock a.m. and 10 o'clock p.m. on week-days, 
and on Sundays, from October to May, from 12 
o'clock to 9 o'clock, contains a complete set of 
Patent-Office reports, about twenty thousand 
books, and the periodicals and newspapers of 
the day. An average of seventeen hundred 
persons daily patronize the reading-room, and 
the annual attendance at the evening schools is 
thirty-five hundred. Free popular lectures are 
given Saturday evenings. A special art school 



GREATEU NEW YOHK. 91 

is provided for women, during the day, as well 
as classes in telegraphy, phonography and type- 
writing. The large hall of this establishment, 
which is used for mass-meetings, has been iden- 
tified with almost every public movement since 
the erection of the building. Its walls have 
echoed to the clarion voices of Garrison, Beecher, 
Phillips, Sumner, Anna Dickinson, Lucretia 
Mott, and Abraham Lincoln — on the occasion 
of his presidential campaign against Douglas, 
the " Little Giant of Illinois.'' 

The Bible House, just north of Cooper LTnion, 
contains the offices of the American Bible Soci- 
ety, an organization whose presses have printed 
the Bible in eighty languages. 

The Sixty-ninth Regiment Armory is over 
Tompkins Market, east of Cooper Union. The 
mention of this regiment still recalls to many 
minds one of the most harrowing sights of the 
Civil War, when, after the battle of Bull Run, 
only three hundred members returned from that 
wholesale massacre. The distress of the women 
who discovered that their loved ones were miss- 
ing, is spoken of as a scene affecting in the ex- 
treme. 

Tompkins Square. — From this point St. Mark's 
Place, or East Eighth Street, leads to a pretty 



92 GREATER NEW YORK. 

park which invites occupants of the tenement 
houses nearby, to enjoy the fresh air. Whatev^er 
may be the short comings of our municipal gov- 
ernment, no comphiint can be made with regard 
to the floral display, for beautiful little patches 
of color, arranged with really artistic skill, 
adorn the public grounds in all J3arts of the city. 
In the park just mentioned, a fine fountahi and 
ample pond sustain such rare water-exotics as 
the lotus of Egypt and India, the Egyptian 
papyrus. South American pond-lilies, and many 
other varieties of water plants, all of which are 
catalogued on a sign-board. A band-stand, 
confectionary - booths, and plenty of benches, 
further indicate the comfort given to the tired 
working people on summer evenings. 

The Wilson Industrial School for Girls, 
which faces the Park at the Eighth Street corner, 
is an institution in which the Kitchen Garden 
System (little girls cooking and arranging tables 
to a song accompaniment) is in practical opera- 
tion. Miss Emily Huntington is the founder of 
the system. 

St. Mark's Church. — From Cooper Union, 
Stuyvesant Street leads the traveller past a 
quaint church edifice which was erected in 1793 
by Trinity Corporation, the ground and four 



L4nEATER NEW YORK. 9S 

thousand dollars in money having been a gift 
from a great-grandson of Peter Stuyvesant. The 
remains of the Dutch governor are interred in a 
vault within the church. The original tablet on 
the outside of the eastern wall indicates his place 
of sepulture. 

A graveyard surrounds St. Mark's, in which 
only flat stones indicate the resting-places of the 
dead. From this spot the remains of A. T. 
Stewart were stolen. 

Second Avenue. — The broad thoroughfixre 
which cuts off Stuyvesant Street at this point is 
a portion of Second Avenue that was another 
fashionable quarter of the olden time, but is now 
largel}^ occupied by medical and benevolent in- 
stitutions. 

The New York Historical Society Building, 
at the southeastern corner of Eleventh Street 
and Second Avenue, is the receptacle of a large 
and valuable collection of historical curiosities. 
This society was organized in 1804 by promi- 
nent citizens " For the collecting and preserv- 
ing' of whatever mio'ht relate to the natural, 
civil and ecclesiastical history of the United 
States in general, and the great and sovereign 
State of New York in particular.'' Material with 
whicli to form a " Museum of American Antiq- 



94 QREAfm NEW YORK. 

uities " was so rapidly secured as to necessitate 
several removals, until the present building was 
erected with accommodations so spacious that 
the society enlarged the scope of its work, and 
purchased valuable collections of foreign art^ 
literature and antiquity. These are now so nu- 
merous as to render the present building inade- 
quate for their accommodation, and it is dis- 
creditable to the city that so many old treasures 
should be hidden from the puldic for want of 
space, of cases to protect, custodians to exhibit, 
or catalogues to assist the investigator. The 
museum contains a large collection of rare 
pamphlets and mamiscripts relating to Ameri- 
can history, newspapers, maps, autograph let- 
ters, coins, medals, a lil)rary of over two thou- 
sand volumes, the original portraits of fourteen 
Inca monarchs, with their names and the order 
of their succession, and some portraits of cele- 
brated Indian chiefs. The original water-color 
pictures made by Audubon for his work on nat- 
ural history are here ; also the efforts of the 
early American artists, West, AUston, Stuart, 
Peale, Jarvis, Cole and others ; and some speci- 
mens from the old masters, Raphael, Yan Dyke, 
Titian, Rembrandt, Del Sarto, Paul Veronese, 
and Murillo. The Egyptian collection contains 



GREATER NEW YORK 95 

a fac -simile of the Rosetta Stone, mummies of 
the sacred bulls, with portions of the chariot and 
rope-harness found buried with them in the 
tombs at Dashour ; vases, agricultural and sacri- 
ficial implements, and a great number of other 
equally interesting relics from that ancient civil- 
ization. There are, besides, some specimens of 
the sculpture of ancient Nineveh, as well as sev- 
eral pieces of modern times. 

The society includes over two thousand mem- 
bers, through whose courtesy alone admittance 
to the building is obtained. The site for a new 
building consists of ten city lots at Seventy- 
seventh Street and Central Park West. The 
land was purchased at a cost of $286,500, and 
the new building will probably cost $1,000,000 
more. 

Stu YVES ANT Square, tlirough which Second 
Avenue passes on its way northward, is one of 
the most attractive of our city parks, the land 
for which was deeded to the " Mayor, Alder- 
men and Commonalty of the City of New York " 
(this was our legal title) by Peter Gr. Stuy vesant in 
1836. The donor intended that the park should 
be called Holland Square, but its title was 
changed by request of the recipients. As, ac- 
cording to the terms of the deed, business houses 



96 GREATER NEW YORK. 

are not permitted to encroach npon this locality, 
it still remains a desirable down-town place of 
residence. These grounds once formed the 
northern portion of the Stuyvesant ftirm, which 
extended southward to Third Street, and from 
Third Avenue eastward to the river. On a spot 
within this farm, now identified by a plate at 
the corner of Thirteenth Street and Third 
Avenue, there flourished, for nearly two hundred 
years, a pear tree which was brought from Hol- 
land by the original Peter Stuyvesant, and 
planted by him to preserve the memory of his 
name. 

The Friends' Meeting-House and Seminary 
are at the west of Stuyvesant Square. The 
Quakers, who sufl*ered much persecution at the 
hands of Dutch governors, as well as from Puri- 
tan authorities, could not firmly establish them- 
selves in this city until the beginning of the 
eighteenth century, when they erected their first 
meeting-house near Maiden Lane. Since that 
time they have successively put up a number of 
buildings, but at present those just referred to, 
belonging to the Hicksite branch, and one other, 
belonging to the orthodox sect, are the only 
meetinof-houses that remain standino-. Throua'h 
all the vicissitudes of the city's growth, the 



GREATER NEW YORK. 97 

Quaker element has ever been bold, peaceful, pru- 
dent and practical, and our present prosperity 
owes much to their discreet activity. 

Saint G-eorge's Church (Episcopalian), at the 
Sixteenth Street corner, is in its architectural 
style a transition from the Romanesque to the 
Grothic. This church was originally one of three 
chapels belonging to Trinity Corporation, but it 
became a distinct charge in 1811. It first edi- 
fice was erected in 1752, on ground near Beek- 
man Street, called '^ Chapel Hill." The present 
structure was built in 1849. For many years 
this parish was presided over by the celebrated 
Dr. Stephen H. Tyiig, whose remarkable insight 
and energy organized a work which is now ably 
continued and enlarged by the present rector, 
Dr. W. S. Rainsford. The buikling at the rear 
is a sort of church club-house, where members 
have the advantages of reception and class rooms 
and a fine gymnasium. St. Greorge's parish 
buildinof was erected as a memorial of the mother 
and fiither- in-law of J. Pierpont Morgan, and it 
adjoins the church. 

Sixteenth Street extends westward from Saint 
George's to Irving Place, and Irving Place leads 
southward to East Fourteenth Street. 

A picturesque little theatre, called the Irving 



98 GREATER NEW YORK. 

Place Theatre, formerly Irving Hall, at the cor- 
ner of Irving Place and Fifteenth Street, is ap- 
propriated to German plays. 

The Academy of Music, at the Fourteenth 
Street corner, was built in 1854 and rebuilt in 
1866. Although the exterior of this building is 
very plain, the interior is renowned for its per- 
fect appointments. Italian opera long found a 
home here, during- which time its walls echoed 
to the world's perfect voices. Great dramatic 
stars, among them Rachel, Ristori, Booth, Sal- 
vini and Janauschek, have also appeared upon 
its stage. Until the erection of the Metropoli- 
tan Opera House, the Academy was the popular 
place for balls and public meetings, but it is 
now entirely used for dramatic presentations. 

Tammany Hall, which is situated east of the 
Academy in Fourteenth Street, is headquarters 
for th(i Tammany Society, or Columbian Order 
— an organization founded in 1789 for the pur- 
pose of perpetuating a true love of country. At 
first a national society, based upon general prin- 
ciples of patriotism and benevolence, it became 
partisan when tlie administration proclaimed 
neutrality during thePrench Revolution, though 
the Tammany Hall Political Organization is to 
this day maintained as separate from the Coluni- 



• GREATER NEW YORK. 99 

bian Order, presided over by the Grand Sachem, 
which owns the building. It was this order 
which inaugurated the perpetual commemora- 
tion of Washington's birthday. The first Tam- 
many Hall, or " Wigwam," stood on the site now 
occupied by the Sun. Building. The present 
structure was built in 1867. 

Steinway Hall, once made classical by the 
best concert music, but now converted into 
piano ware rooms, was in the Steinway Build- 
ing, at the west of the Academy, in Fourteenth 
Street. 

Union Square. — -A few steps westward and 
an open park is reached, which affords a breath- 
ing space to the public in the very heart of the 
city. Business has so engrossed this locality 
that but few of the old residences remain. A 
flag-stone in the sidewalk at the east side, upon 
the surface of which is cut, "Union Square, 
founded in 1832," locates the former home of 
the person who was most active in securing the 
early improvements for this place, Mr. Samuel 
Buggies. 

The College of Social Economics, which oc- 
cupies the southeastern corner of Sixteenth 
Street and Union Square, represents a new de- 
parture in educational lines, its object being to 



GREATER NEW YORK. 101 

foiiPid a Sc'liool of Econoiriics that shall l>e dis- 
tinctly Aiucricaii. 

A business college forms a part of the insti- 
tution, and free lectures on themes of popular 
interest are delivered Wednesday evenings. 

The Bronze Equestrian Statue of Washing- 
ton, of heroic size, which stands near Fourteenth 
Street, was the hrst public work of art ever set 
up out-of-doors in this city. It was erected in 
1856 by enterprising- merchants. H. K. Brown 
was the sculptor. 

The GrREAT War Meeting of 1861, called in 
response to Lincoln's appeal for troops " to sus- 
tain the Federal Government in the present 
crisis," was held under this fac-simile of the be- 
nign face of our first President. 

The park contains about three and one-half 
acres of ground that are kept in excellent order. 
The fountain pond is filled with exotics similar 
to those already observed in other parks, and 
l)ordered with brilliant foliage plants. From the 
bah'ony of the cottage north of the fountain, oflfi- 
cials review the parades that frequently take 
place on the Seventeenth Street Plaza, banners 
and a row of gas-jets making the place brilliant 
on special occasions. A drinking fountain stands 
at the western edge. The bronze statue of Lin- 



102 GREATER NEW YORK. 

coin, erected by popular subscription shortly 
after his assassination, and modeled by H. K. 
Brown, is at the southwestern corner. A statue 
of Lafayette, facing toward the south, was 
modeled by Bartholdi, and erected in 1876 by 
French residents, in token of gratitude for 
American sympathy during the Franco-Prussian 
war. 

Union Square Theatre faces the park at the 
Fourteenth Street side. The pavement in front 
of this theatre is popularly known as the "Slave 
Market '' and " Rialto," from the fact that actors 
make this their lounging place while waiting for 
engagements. 

West Fourteenth Street, which may well 
be called " Vanity Fair," is the great shopping 
centre of New York, as the perpetual crowd, the 
bargain announcements in the shop windows, 
and the street venders of every description of 
pfoods, from choice roses to stove-blackino- will 
testify. 

As one passes thix)ugh this street west to Sixth 
Avenue, there will be found the Butterick Pub- 
lishing Company, fashion publishers, manufac- 
turers of the Butterick patterns, so widely known 
throughout the United States ; the large dry- 
goods houses of Arthur H. Hearn, B. H. Macy & 



QREATEIi NEW YORK. 103 

Co., and the iiiilliiiery establishment of Roths- 
child. On Fourteenth Street between Fifth and 
Sixth avenues is the old Yan Buren Mansion and 
the celebrated tree in front of it. Passing up 
Sixth Avenue from Fourteenth Street will be 
found some of the largest retail dry-g'oods stores 
in the city — B. Altman & Co., Siegel-Cooper Co., 
Simpson, Crawford & Simpson, O'Neill and 
Ehrich Brothers. 

The Salvation Army Headquarters are in 
Fourteenth Street, west of Sixth Avenue. 

The New York Hospital, which now occupies 
a building in Fifteenth Street, between Fifth and 
Sixth avenues, was chartered by George III. 
in 1771, and was the second organization of its 
kind in this city. The original structure, in 
Duane Street, was destroyed by fire before 
patients could be admitted, and having been re- 
built, was occupied by American and British 
soldiers until the close of the war ; so that it was 
1701 l)efore the real work of the institution could 
begin. Since that time, however, the hospital 
has been almost unrivaled as a School of Medi- 
cine and Surgery. The present building, which 
is modern French Renaissance in design, was 
opened in 1887 with perfect appointments, the 
upper story having been converted into a glass- 



104 GREATER NEW YORK. 

roofed hall where patients may have the advan- 
tage of a sun-bath. The first hospital on the 
Island, established by the Duteh near the old 
fort, was demolished l)y the British. 

The Young Women's Christian Association 
Building, in Fifteenth Street between Fifth Ave- 
nue and Union Square, was founded in 1870 for 
the purpose of assisting young women who are 
dependent on their own exertions. Classes are 
instructed in sewing, book-keeping, etc. ; and an 
employment bureau assists women to find posi- 
tions. The system also includes a circulating 
lil)rary and reading-room, supplied with current 
periodicals ; a gymnasium, a board directory, an 
exchange for women's work, concerts, lectures, 
and Sunday Bible instruction. An addition, called 
the Margaret Louisa Home, which accommodates 
working w^omen with lodging and ])oard, is in 
Sixteenth Street. The buihling was the gift of 
Mrs. E. F. Shepard ; the Association is supported 
by voluntary contributions. 

No. 36 West Sixteenth Street is the churcli of 
St. Francis Xavier. Patrick C. Keely was tlie ar- 
chitect. Adjoining tliis church is the St. Francis 
Xavier College. It was opened in 1850, is in 
charge of the Jesuit Fathers, and numbers five 
hundred students, coming from all parts of 



GREATER NEW YORK. 105 

Greater New York. The annual fees of the stu- 
dents support the Institution. The library con- 
tains 20,000 volumes. Women were admitted in 
1893 on the same terms as men — $62 per annum 
— l)ut they cannot take decrees. 

Tiffany's.^ — The great building at the corner 
of Fifteenth Street and Union Square, is the far- 
iiimed jewelry store of Tiffany & Company, an 
establishment which stands alone in the world 
because it is so great of its kind. 

The square and particularly solid appearing 
structure next to Tiffany's is known as the 
Spingler Building. 

Brentano's, 31 Union Square, is one of the 
largest and most popular Ijookstores in New York 
city. 

The Decker Building is the beautiful white 
structure a1)ove Brentano's. No. 31 Union 
Square, nortli, which for a time was the tallest 
building in the square, is known as the Jackson 
Building. 

If the time of the itinerary has been strictly 
followed, it will now be 4 o'clock or later. 
Of course, time has not been allotted for visiting 
the stores mentioned on Sixth Avenue ; but the 
walk has been long, and necessarily one will feel 
the need of refreshments. Having partaken of 



106 GREATER NEW YORK. 

luncheon in some of the most elaborate cafes in 
the city, it will be an interesting contrast to visit 
the Dairy Kitchen or Columbia, No. 48 Union 
Square, south, where a cup of most delicious cof- 
fee or 2-lass of milk can be obtained with the at- 
traction of good music. If one wishes a more 
extensive meal, it can be secured here as well. 



CHAPTER Y. 

THE THIRD MORNING. 

Nine o'clock in the morning- of the third clay's 
onting will find the party that follows the 
itinerary in Union Square. 

From Union Square to Twenty-third Street, 
Broadway is occupied by large retail dry-g-oods 
liouses, and carpet and jewelry estal)lishnients, 
as well as by florists, caterers, dealers in cera- 
mics, etc. 

Fifth Avenue, between Tenth and Twenty- 
third streets, and vicinity, forms a centre for 
publishing- houses. In this section will be found 
I). Appleton & Co., Macmillan c^ Co., Long-mans, 
Green & Co., Dodd, Mead & Co., Scribner's, 
Baker, Taylor k Co., The Morse Company, and 
many others. Many of the large piano com- 
panies have their warerooins in this section. 
Here are also situated some of the finest office 
buildings in tlie city — tlie Constable Building', 
the Presbyterian Building, and the Mohawk. 

"Choosing the Bride," by MakofFsky. — This 

108 



GREATER NEW YORK. 109 

elaborate painting, which is a companion piece 
to the " Russian Wedding- Feast," is exhibited 
in Schumann's up-town jewehy store, at the cor- 
ner of Broadway and Twenty-second Street, and 
is well worth a visit. 

The Residence Built for Samuel J. Tilden is 
in Gramercy Park, two blocks east of Broad- 
way, at Nos. 14 and 15 East Twentieth Street. 
The stone carving's on the exterior of this edi- 
fice are of g-reat artistic excellence, the entire 
facade being enriched with divisional bands of 
beautifully sculptured foliage, and bas-relief 
figures cut in sunken disks, while the delicately 
chiseled heads of Sliakespeare, Milton, Franklin, 
Goethe, and Dante appear on a panel near the 
eastern entrance. 

The Players' Club -House, at No. 16 East 
Twentieth Street, is a gift to actors from the 
founder and president of the club, Edwin Booth. 
The l^uilding contains the lil)raries of Mr. Booth 
and Lawrence Barrett, and also the play l)ills 
collected by Augustin Daly. A general rende- 
vouz of players takes place in these apartments 
every Saturday night. 

Gramercy Park is open to residents in the 
immediate neighborhood only. Cyrus W. Field, 
David Dudley Field, John Bigelow, and otiier 



110 GREATER NEW YORK. 

well-known persons occupied houses in this at- 
tractive locality. 

Lexington Avenue, which extends northward 
from Gramercy Park, contains the former 
home of Peter Cooper. The residence of the 
philanthropist was at No. 9. 

The College of the City of Xew York stands 
at the southeastern corner of Lexing'ton Avenue 
and Twenty-third Street. Each year nearly one 
thousand young men receive tuition in a classi- 
cal, scientific, or mechanical course. A post- 
graduate course in engineering occupies two 
additional years. The college contains a fine 
library, a cabinet of natural history, and ap- 
paratus for the use of the scientific department. 
The institution is maintained at an annual cost 
to the city of about $153,000. 

Bellevue Hospital Medical College and 
Training School for Nurses are at the foot of 
East Twenty-sixth Street. This hospital was 
founded in 1826, and is under the control of the 
city government ; but the college, an indepen- 
dent institution, was not organized until 18G1. 

Looking down Fourth Avenue from Twenty- 
third Street, some important buildings can be 
seen. There is the Society for the Prevention of 
Cruelty to Children ; the United Charities Build- 



GREATER NEW YORK. 



Ill 



ing", corner of Twenty-second Street and Fourth 
Avenue ; the Churcli Mission House on Twenty- 
first Street. 

The National Academy of Design. — The 
beautiful structure of artistically blended gray 
and white marble and blue stone, standing at 




THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF DESIGN. 



the northwestern coriu^r of Fourth Avenue and 
Twenty-third Street, is in part a copy of the 
Palace of the Doges in Venice, its architectural 
design being the Italian Gothic. The vestibuled 
floor is of variegated marbles, and a massive 
marble stairway leads to the galleries above. 



112 GREATER NEW YORK. 

Here every s})i'hiii" and aiituinii, an exliihition 
of new paintini^'s takes [)la('e, and prizes are 
awarded. Other organizations sometimes rent 
these galleries for the displa}- (^f their art work. 
The Ameriean Water (.\)lor Society hohls an 
annnal exhil)ition dnring tlie month of dannai'v. 
Free art schools and lecture-rooms, open to l)oth 
sexes from Octol)er until June of every year, 
occupy the first and second floors of the build- 
ing. 

The inception of the Academy, now the foi-e- 
most art institution in the country, was due to 
Professor S. B. M(^rse, who was himself an ar- 
tist of no mean ability. Al)out the year 1815 
lie foiuided a society of artists of which he be- 
came president, and l^efore whicdi he delivered 
the first course of lectures on the fine arts ever 
given in this part of the world. Although tliis 
organization tln*ived, its existence was nomadic 
until 18()o, when tlie present l)uilding was 
erected, and dedicated with imposing ceremon- 
ies. 

The mem])ers of the institution consist of 
academicians (X. A.), and associates (A. N. A.), 
who ac(piire either rank of professional distinc- 
tion by merit. The new site for the Academy 
consists of an entire block, fronting on Anister- 



GREATER NEW YORK. 113 

dam Avenue, between One Hundred and Ninth 
and One Hundred and Tenth streets. The ph)t 
eontains sixteen eity lots, and has a frontage in 
Amsterdam Avenue of 171.10 feet, and in eaeh 
'of the streets of 200 feet. The kind was bought 
from John D. Crimmins, Simon Bernheimer and 
the estate of Isaae Bernheimer at $245,000. 
The Aeademy received-$605,000 from the Met- 
ropolitan Life Insurance Company for its pres- 
ent site and building at Twenty-third Street 
and Fourth Avenue. Some of this money has 
already been expended by the Academy for 
various purposes. After the new site is paid 
for, the Academy will have left about $275,000 
as an available building fund. The site is op- 
posite that on which the Cathedral of St. John 
the Divine is to be erected, and is near the hand- 
some new buildings of St. Luke's Hospital and 
Columbia LTniversity. 

There are now eighty-eight members of the 
Academy, 100 being the limit. Heretofore, 
academicians could be elected only at the annual 
meetings in March. A by-law recently passed 
allows their election at quarterly meetings. 

The Young Men's Christian Association 
Building is opposite the Academy, at the south- 
western corner of Twenty-tliird Street and 



114 GREATER NEW YORK. 

Fourth Avenue. This structure, which is French 
Renaissance in desig-n, contains a reception and 
reading room ; a concert hall, seating- four thou- 
sand, a lecture-room, library, gynmasium, and 
l)owling-alley ; besides parlors, class-rooms and 
l)aths. The l)uilding is open every day in the 
year, including holidays, and many opportuni- 
ties for instruction and entertainment are af- 
forded the members. 

The American Art Association. — The beau- 
tiful galleries of this institution, at No. 6 East 
Twenty-third Street, are usually occupied with 
interesting collections of paintings. The asso- 
ciation holds two exhibitions yearly, at which 
prizes valued at two thousand dollars are 
awarded for the best paintings, while gold 
medals worth $100 are bestowed for works 
of secondary merit. On Twenty-third Street 
toward Sixth Avenue will be found some 
of the large dry-goods stores of the city — Le 
Boutilliers, Stern Brothers and McCreery's, and 
the publishing houses of G. P. Putnam's Sons 
and E. P. Button. The main railroad offices, 
messenger and telegraph offices are in this 
vicinity. 

Madison Square, which is l)ounded at the 
south and north by Twenty-third and Twenty- 



GREATER NEW YORK. 115 

sixth streets, and at the east and west by Mad- 
ison Avenue and the intersection of Broadway 
with Fifth Avenue, contains about six acres of 
ground, made beautiful with shade trees, flow- 
ers, and a fountain. 

Until the year 1847 this part of the Island 
was rather unsightly, and previous to the time 
of its improvement was occupied only hy Cor- 
poral Thompson's little yellow tavern, and an 
old arsenal wliich was utilized as a house of 
refuge. At present this park is the centre of 
a world of fashion and amusement. The Mad- 
ison Avenue side is occupied by the Metropoli- 
tan Life Insurance Company Building — an ex- 
am [)le of the Italian Renaissance style — the Madi- 
son Square Presbyterian Church, and the build- 
ing which formerly belonged to the Jockey 
Club and later to tlie Union League, but is now 
the home of the LTniversity Club. In this or- 
ganization, membership is restricted to men who 
liave graduated from some college, university, 
or professional school, from the United States 
Military Academy at A¥est Point, or the United 
States Naval Academy at Annapolis. The Rev. 
Charles H. Parkhurst is the rector of the Pres- 
byterian Church. His house is at No. 133 East 
Thirty-fifth Street. 



116 GREATER NEW YORK. 

Madison Square Garden. — The most con- 
spicuous buildino- in this vicinity is situated in 
Madison Avenue, between Twenty-sixtli and 
Twenty-seventh streets. Its ornate st}de at- 
tracts immediate attention. The architectural 
design, partly Moorish and partly Spanisli Re- 
naissance, is novel to us, and the arrangement 
of electric lights, fantastically grouped about 
the minaret, domes and tower, until they ter- 
minate in a brilliant crescent under the feet of 
the bronze Diana at the apex, is an exceedingly 
pleasant vision. It suggests unlimited delights 
for summer evenings in the garden on the roof. 
The auditorium has a seating capacity of hfteen 
thousand. Boxes and galleries surround its 
walls, and tables as well as chairs are placed on 
tlui niJiin floor for the l)enefit of those who desire 
refreshment during the performances. Concerts, 
spectacular displays, horse, bench, and flower 
sliows, that require s})acious accommodations, 
usually form the attractions at this place. The 
northern ])ortion of the building contains a small 
theatre and a ])eautiful concert hall. 

The old Madison 8(piare Grarden, which for- 
merly occupied this site, was known as Gil- 
more's Garden; earlier, it was Barnum's Hippo- 
di'ome, and for many years before that time it 




MADISON SQUARE GARDEN. 



118 G HEATER NEW YORK. 

was a passenger station of the Harlem Railway. 
Madison Avenne extends northward from this 
point to Harlem. 

The Monument to Admiral Farragut, which 
stands at the northwestern corner of Madison 
Square, is much admired. It was erected by 
the Farrap-ut Memorial Association, and the 
statue was made by Auo-ustus St. Graudens. 

The Worth Monument, at the intersection of 
Broadway and Fifth Avenue, is the most prom- 
inent object in Madison Square. It is a g-ranite 
obelisk, erected l)y the corporation of the city 
in memory of Major-General Worth, who first 
achieved distinction at Chippewa, under General 
Scott in 1841, and afterward participated in the 
war with Florida Indians — 1840 to 1842 — and 
in the Mexican struggle of 1846 to 1848. The 
name of Anthony Street was changed to Wortli 
Street in honor of this soldier. 

The Statue of William H. Seward, by Ran- 
dolph Rogers, wliich is placed at the south- 
western corner of the park, represents that states- 
man in a sitting posture, surrounded by huge 
tomes. It was unveiled in 1876. The statue of 
Roscoe Conkling is also in this square. 

The white marble l)uilding at the nortli- 
western corner of Fifth Avenue and Twenty- 



120 GREATER NEW YORK. 

third Street is the Fifth Avenue Hotel, wliicli, 
at the time of its eompletion in 1859, eaused tlie 
residents of the eity to wonder liow so eostly an 
edifice could ol)tain sufficient patronage at wliat 
was then such a remote locality. 

Delmonico's is on the corner of Fifth Avenue 
and Twenty-sixth Street. 



CHAPTER YI. 

THE THIRD AFTERNOON. 

Twenty-third Street. — After lunch at Del- 
monico's, cross Madison Square to Broadway. 

West of Madison Square, Twenty-third Street 
for one or two blocks is a modified reproduction 
of P^ourteenth Street, altliough it is somewhat 
k'ss democratic in character. Lookina" down 
r)i'oadway from Twenty-third Street can be seen 
tlie dry-goods stores of Lord & Taylor, on the 
corner of Twentieth, and Arnold, Constal)le c^^ 
Co. on the corner of Nineteenth Street ; directly 
opposite can l)e seen the Goelet House. This is 
an old-time building which until the present date 
has withstood all offers of progress, but is now for 
sale and will soon l)e torn down. Tantine's is be- 
low Nineteenth Street, and Huyler's candy store 
is still further down. 

The business l^uilding at the southeastern cor- 
ner of Twenty-third Street and Sixth Avenue 
was formerl}^ Edwin Booth's elegant theatre, 
l>uilt and made famous l\y Booth himself. 

The Masonic Temple, which is headquarters 

121 



122 GREATER NEW YORK. 

for the Masonic order throiig-hout the State, oc- 
cupies the northeastern corner of the same 
thoroughfares. This building* was erected in 1 807 . 
For several blocks north and south from this 
point, Sixth Avenue vies in importance with 
Broadway as a retail business street. 

Eden Musee. — This attractive museum is 
situated on the northern side of Twenty-third 
Street between Sixth Avenue and Madison 
Square. The exhil)ition consists mainly of life- 
like wax figures of noted persons grouped in his- 
torical tableaux. Musical performances are 
given. 

Madtson Square Theatre. — This is a beauti- 
ful little house, just west of Madison Square, in 
Twenty-fourth Street. The decorations are ex- 
ceedingly artistic. The drop-curtain is a marvel 
of eml)roidery, worked by the skilled hands of 
the Associated- Artists. A novel feature of tliis 
house is its double stage, one part of whicli can 
be lifted and arranged while the performance is 
being, conducted upon the other. The orchestra 
occupies a gallery above the stage. 

The Hoffman House, corner Twenty-iifth 
Street. — Many beautiful examples of decorative 
art are displayed in tliis liotel and adjoining 
Cafe where ladies visit, even witliout the attend- 



GREATER NEW YORK. 123 

ance of gentleiiien, during any hour of the day. 
Some of the works of art, worthy of attention, are : 
"Nyiuphs and Satyr,'' by William Bouguereau, 
wliieh is considered by the eminent artist him- 
self to be one of his most important works ; 
"Narcissus,'' by Correggio ; "A Piece of Gobe- 
lin Tapestry," made for Napoleon III., repre- 
senting the port of Marseilles ; and a "Piece of 
Flemish Tapestry," taken from Constantinople 
during the Russo-Turkish War, representing a 
scene at the wedding feast of Queen Hester. 

Knoedler's Art Gallery, (successors to Gou- 
pil k Co.), No. 355 Fifth Avenue, corner of 
Thirty-fourth Street, always contains a choice as- 
sortment of paintings. The other standard gal- 
leries are: Wunderlich's, No. 868 Broadway; 
Schaus's, No. 204 Fifth Avenue; Reichard's, No. 
226 Fifth Avenue; Avery's, No. 368 Fifth Ave- 
nue, and Keppel's, No. 20 East Sixteenth Street. 

North Broadway. — Several of the most pop- 
ular theatres occupy prominent positions on Broad- 
way north of Madison Square. Among them may 
be mentioned Daly's, Wallack's, the Fifth Av- 
enue, etc. The Broadway Tabernacle, a Con- 
gregational church, stands at the corner of 
Thirty-fourth Street, where Broadway crosses 
Sixth Avenue. 



124: 



GREATER NEW YORK. 



At the intersection of Broadway, Thirty-fifth 
Street and Six Avenue, is a small triangle known 
as Herald Square. The bronze statue of Wil- 
liam E. Dodge, which was erected by the mer- 
chants of New York in 1885, stands in this 
square. The Herald Building faces it at the 
north. 




HERALD BUILDING. 



Now hail a Broadway car — be careful not to 
get into a Columbus Avenue car — and ride to 
Fifty-ninth Street and note from the car windows 
the principal buildings that you pass. 

The Casino, a Moorish structure at the south- 
eastern corner of Broadway and Thirty-ninth 



GREATER NEW YORK. 125 

Street, is devoted to the presentation of comic 
opera. The architectural design of* this edifice 
is an ada[)tation of the Pahxce of the Alhanibra in 
Spain, excellently carried out in detail. A lan- 
tern-lighted garden on the roof offers a delight- 
ful resort for summer evenings. 

The Metropolitan Opera House. — The build- 
ing occupying an entire block between Thirty- 
ninth and Fortieth streets, is an example of 
a very simple treatment of Italian Renaissance. 
The auditorium, which is enormous, contains one 
hundred and twenty-two boxes, each of which is 
cormected with a salon in which refreshments 
may be served or visits received. Smaller rooms 
for concerts and lectures are also provided, and 
are constantly patronized. The building was 
opened in 1883, under the management of Henry 
Abbey. Since that time it has been principally 
devoted to splendid presentations of the German 
and Italian opera, although great balls and mass- 
meetings are held here during the season. 

The American Theatre is at Forty-second 
Street near Eighth Avenue. 

The Working-Men's School. — This institution 
is situated east of Seventh Avenue (into which 
the car enters at Forty-third Street), at 109 East 
Fifty-fourth Street. Educators and philanthro- 



126 GREATER NEW YORK. 

pists from all parts of the world visit this place 
in order to study the methods that have been 
successfully conducted by the Society for Ethi- 
cal Culture. 

Carnegie Music Hall. — The close of the 
music season of 1890-91 was made memorable 
by the opening- of the edifice at the southeastern 
corner of Seventh Avenue and Fifty-seventh 
Street, an event made possible through the mu- 
niiicence of Andrew Carnegie. This stately 
structure, a very good example of the Italian 
Renaissance style of architecture, has changed 
the centre of musical life from the vicinity of 
Union Square to the Central Park region. It is 
close to the s])ot at the corner of Seventh Ave- 
nue and Fifty-ninth Street, where Theodore 
Thomas, in his summer-garden concerts, may be 
said to have inaugurated his career as a musical 
conductor. 

The building contains a series of halls adapted 
to every variety of musical assemblage. Main 
Hall has a seating capacity of about three thou- 
sand, and is perfect in its ventilation and acous- 
tic properties. Recital Hall, Chamber Music 
Hall, and Clia[)ter Room, comprise the other 
apartments, all of wliich are provided with tlie 
requirements necessary for the purpose indicated 



GREATER NEW YORK. 127 

by their names, and are decorated with tasteful 
eleoanee. 

The Broadway Line proper terminates at 
Fifty-ninth Street and Seventli Avenue, where 
the Navarro Flats, called the "Madrid," "Cor- 
dova," "Lisbon," and " Granada," are situated. 
The cost of these sumptuous apartment houses 
was more than seven millions of doUars. The 
Boulevard is a continuation of Broadway from 
this point north. 

There are several fine restaurants in this 
vicinity, and a dinner at one of them will close 
the day's outing. 



CHAPTER YII. 

THE FOURTH MORNING. 

Fourth and Madison Avenues. — On the 
fourth iiiorniiig at 9 o'clock, the party will take 
the cars on the east side, corner of Fourth Ave- 
nue and Fourteenth Street, and with your guide- 
l)(M)k open at the following- chapter, a most in- 
teresting- morning will be furnished you. 

Tlie upper ])ortion of Fourth Avenue extends 
northward from Union Square to Thirty-second 
Street. 

All Souls' Unitarian Church, formerly pre- 
sided over by the celebrated Dr. Bellows, stands 
at the southeastern corner of Fourth Avenue and 
Twentieth Street. The New York Flower Mis- 
sion receives its supplies in the basement of this 
])uilding- 

The American Society for the Prevention 
OF Cruelty to Animals — made eifective by the 
herculean efforts of the late Henry Bergh — 
formerly occupied the l)uilding at the Twenty- 
second Street corner, but is now temporarily 

128 



GREATER NEW YORK. 129 

domiciled at No. 10 East Twenty-second Street. 
The old Boston Post Road turned eastward at 
this point, passing along* the outskirts of Rose 
Hill Farm, the home of General Gates. 

The Lyceum Theatre is directly north of the 
Academy of Design. This play-house is re- 
nowned for the moral character of its presenta- 
tions. The Fourth Avenue Studio Building is 
at the corner of Twenty-fifth Street. Besides 
this, and the one already mentioned in Tenth 
Street, the other l^uildings devoted exclusively 
to artists are : " The Sherwood," in West Fifty- 
seventh Street near Sixth Avenue ; " The Rem- 
l)randt," near Seventh Avenue in West Fifty- 
seventh Street; "The Holbein,'' Nos. 139 to^l45 
West Fifty-seventh Street ; Nos. 140 to 146, at 
the op|)osite side of the same street, and No. 106 
West Fifty-fifth Street. There are also a num- 
ber of studios in the Young Men's Christian 
Association Building, and in the old Manhattan 
Club Building, at the corner of Fifth Avenue 
and Fifteenth Street. To some of these studios 
visitors are admitted at anytime, while a special 
reception day is appointed for others. The jani- 
tors can usually tell what studios are open. 

Murray Hill rises at Thirty-second Street, 
where the ground is tunneled for the passage 



130 GREATER NEW YORK. 

of the horse-cars. Above the tunnel a series of 
openino^s, surrounded with flowers, give the 
street the appropriate name of Park Avenue. At 
the corner of Thirty-second Street stands a build- 
ino- which was erected by the late A. T. Stewart 
for a working- women's home. The experiment 
proved a failure because of the stringent rules, 
and the structure was converted into a hotel, 
called ' ' The Park Avenue." Considerable bri(v 
a-brac from the Stewart Mansion now decorates 
the interior of this building. 

The Church of the Messiah, of which the 
Rev. Robert Collyer is the pastor, witli Dr. 
Minot J. Savage as associate pastor, is at the 
corner of Park Avenue and Thirty-fourth Street. 
This rise of p-round once formed the estate of 
Robert Murray, the " Quaker Merchant of the 
Revolution," and the father of Lindley Murray, 
the granmiarian. The place was known as 
"Inclenberg," and became historic through the 
adroit diplomacy of Mrs. Murray, who, by her 
hospitality and grace, detained the British offi- 
cers, Howe, Clinton, and Cornwallis, while Put- 
nam and liis column, guided by Aaron Burr, 
passed within half a mile of her house, at the 
time of their retreat to Harlem. 

The Grand Central Railway Station, facini? 



132 GREATER NEW YORK. 

the tunnel at Forty-second Street, is the termi- 
nus for the New York Central, the New York 
and New Haven, and the New York and Harlem 
railways, each of which has offices in the build- 
ing, as well as passens^er rooms. Tlie space for 
trains is covered with a gdass roof, liaving a 
single arch of a span of two InuKlred feet, and 
an altitude of one hundred and ten feet. The 
length of the ])uilding is six hundred and ninety- 
live feet. About one hundred and twenty-five 
trains arrive ajid de})art daily, but confusion or 
crowding is almost nnknown. 

The site on which the station stands was once 
a cornfield l)elonging to the Murrnys, into wliich 
the American soldiers plunged in their precipi- 
tate retreat from Kip's Bay. On a cross-road at 
about Forty-third Street, they were met by 
Washington, who is said, to have been extremely 
severe in his condemnation of their panic. 

Madison Avenue. — At Forty-fourtli Street 
the horse-car tracks turn into Madison Avenue, 
whence they extend northward to Harlem. On 
the corner of Forty-second Street and Madison 
Avenue may be seen the magnificent hotel l^uild- 
iiig lately erected at a cost of two and a lialf 
million dollars, and known ms 'The Manhattan." 

St. Bartholomew's Cuurch, a good specimen 



GREATER NEW YORK. 133 

of the Romanesque style of architecture, stands 
at the P^orty-foiu^th Street corner. 

The Manhattan Athletic Club-Hofse, at 
the soutlieastern corner of Forty-fifth Street, is 
an attempt at the Romanesque, with Ryzantine 
ornamentation. The i>'roun(ls for exercise are 
at Eio'hty-sixth Street and Eio-hth Avenue. They 
comprise an entire block. The l)oat-house is on 
the Harlem River. The club purchased Ber- 
rian's Tshuid, in 1800; club-houses, etc., were 
built in 1893, but were practically abandoned 
in 1805, when the society reoro-anized and ao-ain 
took [possession of tlie island, which is comprised 
of seventy acres in Bowery Bay, Long Island 
Sound. 

The Railroad Branch of the Young Men's 
Christian Association occupies the building nt 
the northeastcirn corner of Fort}^-fifth Street. 
This edifice, which is also Romanesque in design, 
was a liberal contribution from Cornelius Yan- 
derbilt. 

Columbia University, which once occupied 
the l)uildings that cover the entire block l)e- 
tween Forty-ninth and Fiftieth Streets, was in- 
corporated in 1754: as ''Kings College," the 
necessary funds having l)een ol)tained from Eng- 
land. Recitations were first heard in the vestr}^- 



134 GREATER NEW YORK. 

room of Trinity Church, but when a grant of 
land was obtained from the '' Church Farm" (in 
Park Place, near the North River), college 
l)uildings were erected and occupied by the 
students until tlie outl)reak of the Revolution. 
After the war it l)ecanie necessary to recreate 
the institution, as the library was found to be 
scattered and the buildings demolished. It was 
therefore reincorporated in 1784 under its 
present name, and its management was vested 
in a self-perpetuating l)ody of twenty-four trus- 
tees. 

Among the many historical ])ersonages who 
acquired their scholastic attainments in this in- 
stitution a])pear the names of Rol)ert R. Living- 
ston, Gouverneur Morris, John Jay, Alexander 
Hamilton, and l)e Witt Clinton. 

The old buildings were erected in 1857, when 
the Legislature granted twenty acres of ground 
to the college. Since that time its income has 
been chiefly derived from rentals of its real 
estate. The college has now removed to a site 
further uptown. The plot of ground is bounded 
by Amsterdam Avenue, the Boulevard and One 
Hundred and Sixteenth and One Hundred and 
Twentieth streets. This is known as Morningside 
Heights, which you will visit later. The five 



GREATER NEW YORK. 135 

coUeo-iate departments of the University are: tlie 
Schools of Art, Mines, Law, Political Science, 
nnd Medicine. The corps of instructors inini- 
bers about sixty, and the avera^'e attendance of 
students is about eighteen hundred. The colleg'c 
library, containing one hundred thousand vol- 
umes, is free to strangers, as well as to students. 
Bjirnard College for women, at No. 343 Madi- 
son Avenue, is under the Columbia TJniversit}' 
instructors. This school has also purchased a 
site uptown, and the new buildings are on a 
block between One Hundred and Nineteenth and 
One Hundred and Twentieth streets, and Cler- 
mont Avenue and the Boulevard. The same 
regimen is required as for the male students. 
The Medical Department occupies a building. 
No. 437 West Fifty-ninth Street, which was a 
gift from William H. Yanderlnlt. Comiected 
with this is the Sloane Maternity Hospital, a gift 
from Mr. Yanderbilt's daughter, Mrs. Sloane. 
These magnificent donations, together with the 
Yanderbilt Free Clinic and Dispensary— for 
which funds were contributed by Mr. Yander- 
bilt's four sons — place the Columbia College of 
Physicians and Surgeons in the first rank for 
facilities as well as for instruction. 

The AYoman's Hospital of the State of New 



136 GREATER NEW YORK. 

York, Corner of Fiftieth Street and Park Ave- 
nue is an organization in whieli only women 
are treated, was founded by Dr. J. Marion Sims, 
and incorporated in 1857, by seven philanthropic 
ladies. The ground upon which the building- 
stands formerly contained the remains of pau- 
pers and strangers, that, several times, had been 
transferred as the city grew northward. From 
liere they were removed to Hart's Island, their 
present place of se|)nltnre. 

A Florentine Palace in Madison Avenue at 
Fiftieth Street, of brown sandstone, with an open 
court leading to three separate entrances, was 
built by Henry Yillard. In the first division 
lives H. C. Fahnestock ; in the first half of the 
middle division, E. I). Adams ; and in the second, 
A. H. Holmes ; the tliird entrance leads to the 
liome of AVhitelaw lleid. Climbing vines add 
greatly to the picturesque effect of this peculiar 
residence. 

The Palace of the Archbishop, at No. 45'J, 
and the rectory at No. 460, correspond architec- 
turally with tlie cathedral, which witli them 
forms a group of majestic ])roportions. 

A Roman Catliolic orplian asylum occupies the 
eastern side of the block 1)etween Fifty-first and 
Fifty-second streets. The elegant Beekman 



GREATER NEW YORK. 137 

Mansion, where the brave spy, Nathan Hale, 
was tried, condemned, and execnted— express- 
ini2: in his hist moments reo^ret that he had l)nt 
one life to lose for his country — was in Fifty- 
first Street, near the East River. Lenox Lyceum, 
ji popular concert hall, is between Fifty-eighth 
and Fifty-ninth streets. B'nai Jeshuron, a 
beautiful Jewish synagogue of Moorish design, 
is near Sixty-fifth Street. 

All Souls' Church (Episcopalian), of whicli 
tlie Rev. R. Hebcp Newton is pastor, is at the 
northeastern corner of Sixty-sixtli Street. 

The Seventh Reglaient Armory. — At Sixty- 
sixth Street it will ])e necessary to leave the cars 
and walk eastward for a short distance. The 
armory, in Fourth Avenue, 1)etween Sixty-sixth 
and Sixty-seventh streets, is a massive building 
of red brick, with granite facings, constructed 
without regard to any particular style of archi- 
tecture, but perfect \n its interior appointments. 
The main drill-room is spacious, the dimensions 
being two hundred l)y three hundred feet. 
Visitors are admitted on application to the jani- 
tor. 

Many interesting buildings are situated in this 
vicinity. Mt. Sinai Hospital is at the corner of 
Sixty-sixth Street and Lexington Avenue, one 



188 GREATER NEW YORK, 

l)lock east of Fourth Avenue. The Chapin Home 
for the Aged and Infirm is in East Sixty-sixtli 
Street, at l^o. 151. The Ameriean Institute 
Hall, in which industrial exhi])itions are held 
every autumn, is still further east, in Third 
Avenue at ^^ixty-third Street. The Central Turn- 
verein Building is in Sixty-seventh Street, east 
of Third Aveiuie. A Moorish structure in Sixty- 
seventh Street, west of Third Avenue, is the Jew- 
ish Ta,l)ernacle. The Headquarters of the Fire 
Department are at Nos. 157 "r.vA 159 East Sixty- 
seventh Street. Tlie maintenance of the depart- 
ment costs the city nearly two millions of dollars 
annually. A Deaf Mute Asylum is in Lexing- 
ton Avenue, between Sixty-seventh and Sixty- 
eighth streets. A Foundling Asylum (Roman 
(^atliolic) is in Sixty-eighth Street near Third 
Avemie. The Baptist Home for the Aged and 
Infirm is in Sixty-eighth Street, near Fourth 
Avenue, and Hahnemann Hospital occupies a 
l)lock in Fourth Avenue, between Sixty-seventh 
and Sixty-eighth streets. 

The Normal ColleCxE for Women, at the 
northeastern corner of Sixty-eighth Street and 
Fourth Avenue, is under the control of the Board 
of Education, it 1)eing a part of the coinmon- 
scliool system. About one thousand and six 



GREATER NEW YORK. 139 

hundred studuuts Jirc annually reii^istered in this 
institution, seventy-tive per cent, of whom be- 
come teachers in the public schools. The col- 
lege curriculum includes Latin, physics, chem- 
istry, and natural science, German, French, 
drawing, and music ; and the cost of mainten- 
ance is about one hundred thousand dollars a 
year. This structure, which is in the secular 
Gothic style with a lofty Victoria tower, is un- 
surpassed by any similar structure in the country. 

The Union Theological Seminary of the 
Presbyterian Church occupies the group of 
handsome Ijuildings at the western side of 
Fourth Avenue, between Sixty-ninth and Seven- 
tieth streets. This property is valued at two 
millions of dollars. The Presbyterian Hospital 
covers the block between Seventieth and Seventy- 
first streets, and Madison and Fourth avenues. 

The Freundschaft Club-House is in Seventy- 
second Street, east of Fourth Avenue, and the 
Flemish mansion, built for Mr Tiffimy, but for a 
long time the elegant home of Mr. Henry Yillard, 
is in Seventy-second Street at the northwestern 
corner of Madison Avenue. Temple Beth- El is 
on the corner of Seventy-sixth Street and Fifth 
Aveiuie. 

After inspecting the exterior of tliis uniqu< 



140 OREATER NEW YORK. 

l)ut palatial n'sidcuce, tlie visitor will be pleased 
to l)egiii the tour of the principal residence street 
of the city, the far-famed 

FIFTH AVENUE. 

The Lenox Library Building, which stands in 
Fifth Avenue, l)etween Seventy-iirst and Seven- 
tieth streets, was erected by James Lenox iu 
1870 at a cost of over one million dollars, and 
endowed by him with a permanent fund of two 
hundred and fifty thousand dollars. 

The library, which occupies the wings, con- 
tains al)out thirty thousand volumes, including 
Shakesperiana, Americana, many first editions 
of the Bible, a perfect copy of the ''Mazarin 
Bible '' (the first complete printed book known 
supposed to 1)e the product of Grutenberg and 
Straus, at Mainz, in 1450); a large folio Latin 
Bible printed by Koberger at Nuremberg, 1477, 
which is densely interlined in the handwriting 
of Melancthon — some "block books," that rep- 
resent the stage of printing before movable 
types superseded the Chinese fashion of cutting 
the page on a wooden block ; many rare books 
from the early presses of Europe, the United 
States and Mexico. There is also a valuable 
ection of manuscripts, to which has been re- 



vo 



1^2 GREATER NEW YORK. 

ceiitly added a twelve' thousand-dollar treasure 
superbly illustrated by Giulio Clovio. The 
picture gallery, occupyino- the main portion of 
the second floor, contains many fine paintintrs, 
chiefly modern. Among them are several A\'il- 
kies, Yerboeckhovens, Stuarts, Reynolds, and 
Leslies ; also two Turners and two Copleys ; 
besides an Andrea del Sarto, a Delaroche, a 
Gainsborough, and a Horace Vernet. Mun- 
kacsy's " Blind Miltonxlictating ' Paradise Lost ' 
to his Daughters '' — which was considered to 
be the gem of the Paris Exposition in 1878 — is 
one of the most attractive paintings in the gal- 
lery. The collection also embraces a large 
luimber of portraits, including oiie of Bunyan — 
which is believed to be an original — and five of 
Washington, three having been painted hy 
Ivenil)randt Peale, one by James Peale, and one 
full-length by Stuart. This gallery has recently 
been further enriched by the late Mrs. Robert 
L. Stuart, who bequeathed to it her paintings. 
A valuable collection of books, on the subject of 
music, and of manuscripts, was also donated to 
the liljrary by Mr. Joseph W. Drexel. 

The library is open every day except Sun- 
days and holidays from 9 a.m. until G p.m. No 
admission fee is charged. 



GREAT mi NEW YORK. 143 

Between the Lenox Lil)rarv Bnilding- and 
Fifty-ninth Street, many stately mansions, with 
broad porehes and richly decorated vestibules, 
suggest a most inviting hospitality. This por- 
tion of Fifth Avenue and the streets that lead 
eastward from it, have recently become a fash- 
ional)le residence quarter. Among the most 
noteworthy are the Astor residences on the 
northeast corner of Sixty-fifth Street, and that 
of Mr. Ell)ridge T. Gerry, on the corner of Sixty- 
first Street. 

The Progress Club, an organization of He- 
])rew gentlemen, is at the northeastern corner 
of Sixty-third Street. 

The Metropolitan Club, which is supposed 
to contain more men of great wealth than any 
other club in the city, is on the corner of Six- 
tieth Street. 

The ap]>roach to the Park entrance in Fifty- 
ninth Street, called the Plaza, is surrounded by 
three elaborately-constructed hotels, the New 
Netlierlands on the northeastern corner, the Ho- 
tel Savoy on the southeastern corner, and the 
Plaza Hotel on the northwestern corner. From 
this point south are many palatial residences of 
New York millionaires. 

Cornelius yanderl)ilt\s home, occu})ying the 



QREATEli NEW YORK. 145 

block between Fifty-seventh and Fifty-eighth 
streets, is a beautiful specimen of modern French 
Renaissance architecture. At No. 8 AYest Fifty- 
seventh Street is the residence of Mrs. Frederick 
Pearson ; at No. 5 on the same street, her l)rother, 
Frederick F. Ayer. On the southwest corner of 
Fifty-seventh Street is the late residence of ex- 
Secretary of the Navy William C. Whitney, which 
is now occupied by the recently wedded son of 
Mr. Whitney and daughter of Mr. Yanderbilt. 
Mr. C. P. Huntington has erected a handsome 
mansion opposite, at the southeastern corner. The 
elaborate edifice in the early Grothic style, at the 
corner of Fifty-fifth Street, is the Presbyterian 
Church over which Dr. John Hall presides. St. 
Luke's Hospital occupies the northwestern corner 
of Fifty-fourth Street. The Gothic structure at 
the corner of Fifty-third Street is St. Thomas' 
p]piscopal Church. The interior of this build- 
ing, which is particularly pleasing both in color 
and in architectural design, contains paintings 
by John La Farge. 

The Yanderbilt Residences. — The remark- 
ably beautiful home of W. K. Yanderbilt, at 
the northwestern corner of Fifty-second Street, 
is a very fine example of French Renaissance 
(just emerging from the Gothic ) of the time of 



GREATER NEW YORK. 147 

Francois the First. The connected brownstone 
houses between Fifty-second and Fifty-first 
streets, were occupied by the widow of William 
H. Yander])ilt, and her daughter, Mrs. Sloane. 
Mrs. Yanderbilt possessed a very choice collec- 
tion of painting's, and her gallery was freely 
opened to the public in the past ; l)ut the abuse 
of this privilege, having necessitated much 
more rigid rules, it is now quite difficult to ob- 
tain admission. Mrs. Sloane still resides here. 
The Roman Catholic Male Orplian Asylum is 
opposite. No. G34 is the residence of D. 0. 
Mills. The home of Chauncey M. Depew is at 
No. 431 West Fifty-fourth Street. 

St. Patrick's Cathedral. — Between Fifty- 
first and Fiftieth streets stands a white marble 
edifice which is the finest church Iniilding in the 
United States. Its elaborate architecture is of 
the decorated Gothic, or geometric style, similar 
to that of the catliedrals of Rheims, Cologne, and 
Amiens, on the continent, and the naves of York 
Minster, Exeter, and Westminster, in England. 
Its length is three hundred and six feet, its width 
is one hundred and twenty feet, and its towers 
are three hundred and thirty-five feet and nine 
inches in height. The same architectural style 
is preserved throughout the interior of the cathe- 



148 GREATER NEW YORK. 

dral. Massive columns of white marble, elabor- 
ately seulptured, support springing arches of 
exquisite proportions. The ceiling is groined 
with richly moulded ribs and foliage bosses. 
The high altar is of marble, inlaid witli semi- 
precious stones, with the divine passion carved 
in bas-relief on its panels. The tal)ernacle over 
the altar is decorated with Roman mosaics, pre- 
cious stones, and a door of line gilt ])ronze. The 
throne of the cardinal, which is Gothic in design, 
is at the right of the sanctuary. Among the 
beautiful stained-glass windows there are thirty- 
seven memorials. Many paintings adorn the 
walls, the most admirable of which, l)y Costazzini, 
hangs over the altar of the Holy Family. The entire 
cost of construction is estmated at $2,500,000. 

The cathedral was projected by Archbishop 
Hughes in 1850. It is open every day in the 
week. 

The home of the Democratic Club is at No. 
617. This is an important political and social or- 
ganization. The building was purchased in 1890 
for $175,000. 

The church at the corner of Forty-eighth Street, 
is one of three belonging to the Collegiate Dutch 
Reformed Society, next to Trinity the oldest 
and wealthiest ecclesiastical corporation in the 




ST. PATRICK'S CATHEDRAL. 



150 (Ui EAT Eli NEW YORK. 

country. This orii;aiiizatioii, cliai'tered by Wil- 
liam HI., ill 1G9G, vests tliu title and niaiiage- 
nient of its lai-g-e property in a legislative body, 
called the consistory, in wliich each of the three 
churches is represented. The one just mentioned, 
the third of the series, is a fine specimen of or- 
namental Gothic architecture in l)rownstone. 
The residence of Jay Gould was at No. 579. The 
rooms of the American Yacht Club are in No. 
574. No. 562 is the residence of J. W. Harper, 
Jr. The Windsor Hotel is opposite, between 
Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh streets. The 
Church of the Heavenly Rest (Episcopalian) is 
just above Forty-fifty Street. The Lotos Club is 
between Forty-fourth and Forty-fifth streets, No. 
556-558 Fifth Avenue. It is composed of artists, 
actors, literary and professional men. It was 
founded in 1870. 

The Church of the Divine Paternity (Uni- 
versalist), long known as Dr. Chapin's church, 
is at the southwestern corner of Forty-fifth Street. 
The interior decoration of this edifice is quite a 
departure from orthodox ecclesiastical styles. 
Musical services are held here Sunday evenings 
that ofi^er a rare treat to visitors. Within a few 
years the site where the present building stands 
was purchased for about the sum of $50,000. It 



GREATER NEW YORK. 151 

has recently ])een sold for $625,000. This is 
o-ivenas an illnstration of how fortunes have been 
made by buyin"^ early and holding to property in 
this street. Rev. Charles Eaton is the present pas- 
tor. The Berkeley School or T^yceum is the build- 
ing Nos. 19-21 West Forty-fourth Street. It con- 
tains a theatre, baths, and target range. Many 
societies and (dul>s make this building tlieir 
headquarters. 

Ti]MPLE Emanuel. — ^The attractive building 
with minaret towers, at the northeastern corner 
of Forty-third Street, is tlie finest specimen of 
Saracenic architecture in tlie city. The interior 
is elaborate, l)eing profusely decorated with rich 
oriental colors. Rabbi Grottheil, who preaches in 
this synagogue, is po[)ular with l)oth Jew and 
Gentile. 

The Century-Club House, at No. 7 West 
Forty- third Street, is occupied by a society of 
the most influential literary, artistic, and profes- 
sional celebrities. This association, founded in 
1817, has but recently erected its present home, 
the ornate style of which represents the school of 
Italian Renaissance. 

The Reservoir. — The distributing reservoir 
of the Croton water- works, between Forty-second 
and Forty-first streets, is one hundred and fif- 



152 GREAT Ell NEW YORK. 

teen feet above tide- water, and has a capaeity of 
twenty millions of gallons. Its sombre stone 
walls covered with vines, are rather picturesque 
than otherwise. This is the new site for the New 
York Puljlic Library, a consolidation of Lenox 
and Astor libraries and Tilden Foundation. 

Bryant Park. — At the rear of the reservoir is 
another restful, shady spot in the midst of the 
city's l)usy life. This plot of ground was covered 
in 1853 by the Crystal Palace, a building con- 
structed of iron and glass and erected for the })ur- 
poses of an international exhibition. Asanovelty 
it created great enthusiasm, and the disphiy of 
sculpture and painting gave a special impetus to 
the patronage and culture of the fine arts. An 
attempt was made to maintain a ])erpetual art 
exhilntion in the palace, but tlie worthy effort 
failed. The " House of Grlass " was also the scene 
of a magnificent ovation to Cyrus W. Field, when, 
in 1858, the Atlantic cable had abolished the 
ocean as a 1)arrer of intercourse. Shortly after 
this memoral)le event, the beautiful l)uilding,with 
its glittering dome and lofty galleries, was de- 
stroyed by fire. 

A colossal bronze bust of Washington Irving, 
wliich stands near the Fortieth Street entrance 
to the Park, was executed by Beer, a European 



GREATER NEW YORK. 158 

sculptor, and presented to the city ])y a private 
citizen in 1866. 

The Republican Club occupies commodious 
quarters at No. 450 Fifth Avenue. 

The Union League Club-House. — The elal)- 
orate building- of red brick and brownstone, at 
the northeastern corner of Thirty-ninth Street, 
is Itidian Renaissance in design, and occupies a 
site which dis})lays its architectural features to 
fine advantage. The interior decorations are 
extremely tasteful, and the arrangement of tlie 
halls, galleries, and vjirious rooms is well suited 
to the requirements of cultured gentlemen. The 
library contains over three thousand \ ohunes, 
besides rare collections of engravings and etch- 
ings. A magnificent fresco by La Farge adorns 
tlie ceilino- of the dinino'-room. Laiidsca])e 
paintings and portraits that are owned l)y the 
club, hang on the walls of the different apart- 
ments, but the galleries are reserved for monthly 
exhibitions of loan paintings. To these, ladies 
are admitted if provided with cards from mem- 
l)ers. The annual reception given by this club 
is always one of the most brilliant of the New 
York season. 

The Union League, really the child of the 
L^nited States Sanitary Commission, was organ- 



154 GREATER NEW YORK. 

ized ill 1863, as a league of men of " absolute 
and unqualified loyalty to the United States/' 
who were unwavering in their efforts to sup- 
press the Rebellion. The elub is still the strong- 
hold of tlie Republiean party, but sinee the war 
it has been more soeial than politieal in its 
eharaeter. 

The rooms of the St. Nicliohis Clul) are at No. 
415. This society is coni[)Osed exelusively of 
gentlemen of the Kiiicker])oeker stoek, the fam- 
ilies of whom resided in New York State })rior 
to 1785. The Brick Church (Presbyterian) is 
at the Thirty-seventh Street corner. A former 
edifice l)elongiiig to this society was once a con- 
spicuous feature of City Hall Park. One of the 
oldest and most fashionable of clu1)S, the New 
York, occupies the Queen Anne mansion at the 
Thirty-fifth Street corner. 

The Stewart Mansion. — The former resi- 
dence of tlie late A. T. Stewart, at tlie north- 
western corner of Thirty-fourth Street, was l)uilt 
about 1866 at a cost of two millions of doUars. 
It is constructed of pure white marble and arch- 
itecturally is a good exemplification of the 
classical Italian Renaissance. The rare paintings 
and statuary that Mr. Stewart collected have 
been scattered in many directions, and the house 



156 GREATER NEW YORK. 

having been nnoecnpied for several years has 
had the appearance of a stately mausoleum. It 
is now the home of the Manhattan Club — an 
oro^anization intended to advance democratic 
principles and promote social intercourse. 

Former residences of the Astors have been 
replaced by the hotels Astoria at the corner of 
Thirty-fourth Street, and the Waldorf at the 
Thirty- third Street corner. The Knickerbocker 
Club - House is at the northeastern corner of 
Thirty-second Street. Tlie meml)ers of this 
organization belong- to exclusive social circles. 
Several coaching and polo teams form a part of 
the club institution. A iiew and elaborate hotel 
at the southwestern corner of Tliirtieth Street, 
is called the Holland House. Holland Church, 
the second of the Collegiate Dutch Reformed 
Society series, stands at the Twenty-ninth Street 
corner. It is built of Vermont marble, in the 
Romanesque style of architecture. A silver 
baptismal basin — procured in 1694, and en- 
graved with a sentence composed by Dominie 
Selyns — is another relic of the past, still in use 
in the Dutch Reformed Church recently erected 
at the corner of Second Avenue and Seventh 
Street. :N'o. 19 West Thirty-first Street is the 
new '' Life Building." 



GREATER NEW YORIu 157 

The Little Church Around the Corner. — 
Just east from Fifth Avenue, in Twenty-ninth 
Street, stands the Church of the Transtiguration, 
made famous because an actor was permitted 
burial rites at its altar when the other churches 
of the city had refused them. The Reform Club 
(Democratic), organized for the purpose of pro- 
moting ballot and tariff reform, has its home at 
the northeastern corner of T wenty-se venth Street. 
The Hotel Brunswick is between Twenty-seventh 
and Twenty-sixth streets, and Delmonico's is 
opposite, at the Twenty-sixth Street corner. The 
liistorical house, formerly the home of Professor 
S. F. B. Morse, is at No. 5 West Twenty-second 
Street. The Union Club House at the north- 
western corner of Twenty-first Street, is the home 
of a non-political institution ranking very high 
socially. No. 109 was the home of the late 
August Belmont, who possessed one of the finest 
collections of paintings in the country. Chicker- 
ing Hall, at the Eighteenth Street corner, is used ' 
for concerts, lectures, etc. Edwards Pierrepont 
resided at No. 103. The First Presbyterian 
Church is at the corner of Eleventh Street, and 
the Church of the Ascension is at the Tenth 
Street corner. 

"The Ascension of Christ," l)y John LaFarge. 



158 GREATER KEW YORK. 

— This great painting*, which occupies an area 
forty feet square, al)ove the altar in the hist men- 
tioned church, is considered l)y many good critics 
the most important work of its kind yet pro- 
duced in the United States. The painting may 
l)e viewed any afternoon, as the church is open 
(hiily. 

The Judson Memorial at Wasliington Square 
South. — A shining cross, at a lieight of one 
hundred and sixty-five feet, attracts attention 
every evening to a new and peculiar religious 
institution, wliich has erected a series of l)uihl- 
ings, including a cliurch, apartment house, kin- 
dergarten, gymnasium, cliildren's nursery and 
young men's club. These together form a monu- 
ment to the memory of Adoniram Judson, the 
first American foreign missionary. The incredi- 
l)le hardships and practical Christianity of this 
hero suggested a tril)ute that should l)e in keep- 
ing with his usefid life. The church, which is 
free and within easy access of the poorer classes, 
and the institutions connected with it, are sup- 
ported l:>y the receipts of the apartment house. 
Rev. Edward Judson, a son of the missionary, is 
the present pastor of the church. It was he wlio 
projected the work, and secured hv subscrip- 
tion the funds necessary to materialize the pro- 



GREATER NEW YORK. 



159 



ject. The cost of construction, fonr hnndrecl 
thousand doUars, was covered by the contribu- 
tions of wealthy individuals from all parts of the 
country. 

The New York University. — The Gothic 
structure with four octangular towers, which 




stood at the eastern side of Washington Square, 
was erected in 1835, the University having been 
established in 1831 by public-spirited merchants 
and professional men. Professor Samuel F. B. 
Morse, who was one of the first professors of 
this institution, invented the recording telegraph 



160 GREATER NEW YORK. 

in a room within this building ; and in another 
apartment near by, Professor John W. Draper 
first applied photography to the reproduction 
of the human countenance. Portraits of the 
chancellors and of many distinguished members 
of the council and faculties are on the walls of 
the council-room. Henry M. MacCracken, D.D., 
LL.D., is the present Chancellor. The name of 
this University was changed to its present form 
in 1896. It was formerly known as the Univer- 
sity of the City of New York. Besides its new 
building in Washington Square, this corpora- 
tion has others in East Twenty-sixth Street, be- 
tween First Avenue and the East River, and at 
University Heights. 

The departments consist of the Schools of Art, 
Science, Medicine and Law, and the latter has 
been opened to women. There is a graduate 
and an undergraduate division, the latter hav- 
ing been successfully carried on since 1832, the 
former only since 1886. 

The building belonging to this corporation in 
Twenty-sixth Street was erected in 1879, and is 
appropriated to the Department of Medicine. 
Much of the instruction is given to students in 
Bellevue Hospital, which is close by. 

At No. 9 University Place, a street extend- 



GREATER NEW YORK. 161 

ing northward from the University to Union 
Square, the New York CoUeg-e for the Training 
of Teachers instructs students who have already 
acquired the elements of a secondary education, 
the degree conferred being that of Bachelor of 
Pedagogy. The departments include the his- 
tory, philosophy, and principles of education ; 
the science and art of teaching psychology, and 
manual training. The college also provides, l)y 
an extension system, free classes for teachers, 
mothers and children, and a free lecture-course 
for the public. By this time it will be fully 12 
o'clock and time for luncheon in the vicinity. 
The afternoon will be devoted to a delightful 
drive to the northern part of the city. 



CHAPTER YITL 

THE FOURTH AFTERNOON. THE DRIVE. 

Allow three-quarters of an hour for the ride 
from Washington Square to "the Circle," corner 
of P'ifty-ninth Street and P]iolith Avenue. To 
get there, take the Broadway car. Be careful 
not to board a Lexington or a Columbus Avenue 
car. The Broadway car will take you direct to 
"the Circle," the end of the line. 

''The Circle," at Eighth Avenue and Fifty- 
ninth Street, is the point at which Broadway 
terminates and the Boulevard begins. A cab 
or coupe can be easily obtained at " the Circle," 
but make your business transaction with the 
cab-man before you start. By a cab is under- 
stood a one-horse vehicle with two wheels. A 
coupe is a one-horse vehicle with four wdieels. 
The fares are regulated by the city ordinance. 

Rules for Cab Hire. — 1. For conveying one or more persons 
any distance, suras not exceeding the following amount: 50c. for 
first mile or part thereof; and each additional half mile or part 
thereof, 25c By distance for "stops" of over five minutes and 
not exceeding fifteen minutes, 25c. For longer stops the rate will 

1G2 



GREATER NEW YORK. 163 

be 35c. for every fifteeu minutes or fraction thereof, if more than 
live minutes. For a brief stop not exceeding five minutes in a 
single trip tliere will be no charge. 

2. For the use of a cab by the hour, with the privilege of going 
from place to place and stopping as often or as long as may be re- 
quired, $1.00 for first hour or part thereof, and for each succeeding 
half hour or part thereof, 50c. 

By Carriage, Coach or Hack is understood a two-horse vehicle 
with four wheels. Fares that may be charged for same: 

3. For conveying one or more persons any distance, sums not ex- 
ceeding the following amounts: $1.00 for first mile or part there- 
of, and each additional half mile or part thereof, 40c. ; by distance 
for "stops " of over five minutes and not exceeding fifteen min- 
utes, 38c. ; for longer stops the rate will be 38c. for every fifteen 
minutes. For a brief stop, not exceeding five minutes in a single 
trip, there will be no charge. 

4. For the use of a coach by the hour, with the privilege of go- 
ing from place to place and stopping as often and long as maj'' be 
required, $1.50 for the first hour ur part thereof, and for each suc- 
ceeding half hour or part thereof, 75c. 

5. No cab or coach shall be driven by the time rate at a pace 
less than five miles an hour. 

The Twelfth Regiment Armory is situated 
at the corner of Sixty-si^cond Street and Ninth 
Avenue, and a simihir structure, belonging to 
the Twenty-second Regiment, stands on the 
Boulevard at Sixty-seventh Street. 

The Dakota Flats occupy the corner of 
Eighth Avenue and Seventy-second Street. 

The Somerindyke House, which once stood 
on Ninth Avenue near Seventy-fifth Street, was 
the home of royalty during its exile. Here 
Louis Philippe and his brothers, the Due de 



164 GREATER NEW YORK. 

Montpeiisier andthe Coiiite de Beaujolais, taught 
school for their living, and here they were vis- 
ited by Queen Victoria's father, the Duke of Kent. 

The Apthorpe Mansion, another residence 
of historic interest, was where Washington re- 
mained during the evacuation of New York, 
only retiring to Washington Heights with his 
staff, one hour before the Britisli officers took 
possession of the premises. This house stood 
at the corner of Ninth Avenue and Ninety-first 
Street, and has only recently been demolished. 

MoRNiNGSiDE Park, lately appropriated for its 
present purpose, is now being improved by the 
park commissioners. It is a sliort distance to the 
east of Riverside Drive (or north of One Hundred 
and Tenth Street and west of Eighth Avenue). 
It is a strip of land about six hundred feet 
wide and more than half a mile long, with an 
area of thirty-two acres, extending north and 
south upon the eastern slope of Bloomingdale 
Heio'hts. It overlooks the beautiful Central 
Park and the Harlem River, and commands a 
view of Washington Heights and the country 
to the north and east. A retaining wall rests 
on the western ledge, which forms the roadway 
called Morningside Avenue. Hanging terraces 
and a terrace walk greatly enhance the beauty 



GREATER NEW YORK. 165 

of these grounds. The East River, tlie su])ur- 
baii region of Long Iskmd, and the wooded 
hills beyond, are visible from that portion of the 
Park whieh is soon to be converted into a mall. 

At One Hundred and Eleventh Street, where 
once stood the Leake and Watts Orphan Asylum, 
is being erected the elaborate and costly Episco- 
pal Cathedral of St. John the Divine. The asy- 
lum now stands at Hawthorne Avenue, City 
Line. 

The Bloomingdale Insane Asylum — a de- 
[)artment of the New York Hospital — is on Tenth 
Avenue, between One Hundred and Fourteenth 
and One Hundred and Twentieth streets. This 
institution received its title from one of the 
many villages that were situated on the north- 
ern part of the Island before the city absorl)ed 
them all. The names of some of these little 
towns— Manhattan ville, Carmansville and Har- 
lem — still remain to designate their old locali- 
ties. The Teachers' College is situated at AYest 
One Hundred and Twentieth Street, near the 
Boulevard. 

The Sheltering Arms, at Tenth Avenue and 
One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Street, takes 
charge of homeless children for whom no pro- 
vision is made in other institutions. 



166 GREATER NEW YORK. 

The Convent of the Sacred Heart is situ- 
ated in beautiful fj^rouuds above One Hundred 
and Thirtieth Street, and east of Tenth Avenue. 

The Hebreav Orphan Asylum is at One Hun- 
dred and Thirty-sixth Street. 

The Orange, the former home of Alexander 
Hamilton, still stands on Convent Avenue, be- 
tween One Hundred and Forty-seeond and One 
Hundred and Forty-third streets. The house, 
which was named from Hamilton's ancestral 
home in Scotland, is well preserved, as is also 
the grove of thirteen trees that the proprietor 
set out as symbols of the thirteen original States. 
This planting was done with much pomp and 
ceremony in 1802, after a banquet given for th(3 
occasion, and with the speech-making and so- 
lemnity of prayer customary to the olden-time 
festivities. 

" The Orange ' was the residence of the states- 
man at tlie time of his duel with Aaron Burr, in 
Weeliawken. 

Trinity Cemetery. — The burial-ground for 
Trinity Church parishioners, since suburban in- 
terments were demanded, has been on either side 
of the Boulevard, above One Hundred and Fifty- 
third Street. A wooden bridge over the road- 
way connects the eastern with the western por- 



168 GREAT Eli NEW YORK. 

tioii. The Astor and the Audubon vaults are in 
this cemetery, also the vault of Madam Jumel. 

The death of Colonel Thomas Knowlton is 
said to have occurred in this vicinity in 1776, 
when, having been sent by Washington (who 
was in the Morris House at One Hundred and 
Sixty-first Street) to learn the position of the 
enemy, he met the advance guard and fell in the 
battle which followed. 

The former home of Audubon, the great or- 
nithologist, was directly north of Trinity Cem- 
etery. Handsome residences are now attached 
to the orio-inal mansion, but the ofrounds are not 
divided by fences, and the place is very prop- 
erly named Audubon Park. 

The Morris House, or Jumel Mansion. — 
This is one of the very few colonial residences 
extant. It is frame, painted white, and with 
the traditional pillars of its time adding dignity 
to its ripe old age. Overlooking the city and 
the quiet waters of the Harlem, it stands on a 
])luff at the corner of St. Nicholas Avenue and 
One Hundred and Sixty-first Street. At first 
the property of Colonel Roger Morris, whose 
wife in her maiden days had been Washington's 
sweetheart, it afterward became the home of 
Madame Jumel, who was married to Aaron 



GREATER NEW YORK. 169 

Burr ill its drawiiii>'-rooiii after the downfall of 
that distinguished individual. The most inter- 
esting memories conneeted with the history of 
this mansion are of course the events that oc- 
curred durino- the time when Washinofton made 
it his headquarters, while Howe occupied the 
Apthorpe residence, three and a half miles dis- 
tant. 

Washington Bridge was opened for travel 
in 1889. This magnificent structure, in which 
sections of steel are combined and keyed into 
the central arches instead of stone, is two thou- 
sand and four liundred feet in length, eighty 
feet in width, and one hundred and thirty-five 
feet in height. Its cost of construction was about 
two million and seven hundred thousand dollars. 
From tlie bridge a beautiful view of the valley 
of the Harlem is obtained. Elegant residences 
and terraced grounds border the shores of the 
river, which is but a tidal channel connected 
with the Hudson by Spuyten Huyvil Creek, at 
the north of Manhattan Island. Through this 
section of the country legends innumerable 
abound, many of them having been immortal- 
ized by Irving. The queer name of the little 
creek recalls one of these. Antony Corlear, on 
a stormy night, attempted to swim through the 



GREATER NEW YORK. 171 

water from tlie island to the mainland, declar- 
ing that he wonld cross the current " in spyt 
den Duyvil " (in spite of the devil). 

The T^ew Viaduct and Harlem River Bridge. 
— One of the most remarkal)le feats of eng'ineer- 
ing on record is the great Harlem Si)an— the 
New York Central's four-track drawbridge that 
will cost when finished over $3,000,000. "^ 

Going south, at One Hundred and Forty- 
ninth Street, the tracks of the New York Central 
begin to rise gradually, and at One Hundred 
and Thirty-fifth Street they cross the Harlem 
River on the new four-track steel draw])ridge, at 
an elevation of twenty-four feet above high tide. 

This massive structure is remarkable in being 
the first four-track drawbridge ever constructed, 
and is the laro^est bridi^e of the kind in the 
world. It is 400 feet long and weighs 2,500 
tons. The drawbridge is fifty-eight feet six 
inches wide from centre to centre of outside trus- 
ses, and is carried on three very heavy trusses. 
Between the central and each of the two side 
trusses is a clear space of twenty-six feet, which 
permits the passage of two sets of double tracks. 

Steel Tie Plates. — The floor is corrugated, and tlie rails are 
bolted to it on steel tie plates. Tlie trusses of the drawbridge span 
are sixty-four feet high in the centre and twenty-five feet high at 



172 GREATER NEW YORK. 

each end. At the highest part of these trusses is situated the en- 
gine house, which contains two oscillating double-cylinder engines, 
which turn the draw and can be worked together or separately, so 
that if one should break down at any time the other can do the 
work. 

From One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Street south, the four new 
tracks run over the steel viaduct to One Hundred and Tenth Street, 
and thence by the stone viaduct to One Hundred and Sixth Street, 
wiiere they strike the level of the present four track line. 
\ The work of building this massive structure began Sept. 1, 1893, 
and has continued until now, and will cost when completed con- 
siderably more than $3,000,000. The completion of the new work 
will permit the opening of all cross streets under the railway, and 
so admit a perfectly free passage for street traffic. 

One Hundred and Thirtj'-eighth Street, which has become a great 
thoroughfare, will be entirely free, as the trains which heretofore 
crossed it at grade will pass over it at an elevation that will allow 
street-cars and all traffic perfect freedom. At One Hundred and 
Twenty-fifth Street the tracks will cross the street fourteen feet 
above the level of the street, and at this point a magnificent pas- 
senger station is to be built, extending from One Hundred and 
Twenty-fifth Street to One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Street, 
under the four-track viaduct. 

Far Reaching Value. — This improvement will be of immense 
value to the entire State — in fact, to the whole country — as the 
bridge, being so high above the water, will never have to be 
opened, except when large steamers or vessels with masts are to 
pass through. All tugs, canal boats, barges, etc. , will have ample 
room to go under the bridge while it is closed. 

The Harlem River, having been declared by Congress a ship 
canal, the Secretary of War has issued orders that all tugs and 
barges shall joint their smoke-stacks and flagpoles, to enable tliem 
to pass under the bridge while it is closed. He has also ordered 
that the bridge shall not be opened between the hours of 7 and 10 
o'clock in the morning and 4 and 7 in the afternoon, except for 
police, fire or Government vessels, the hours named covering the 
great business traffic in and out of the city, the important tlirough 
trains as well as the principal suburban trains arriving and depart- 



GREATER NEW YORK. 173 

ing diiriug those hours. This will avoid delays, ^yhich have been, 
at times, very anno3dng, and permit of much faster service than 
could have been maintained under the old arrangements, and, as 
speed is one of the principal factors in travel in this age, this fea- 
ture will prove an important one. 

The bridge was erected by the King Bridge Company of Cleve- 
land, and was designed by Chief Engineer Katte. The metal work 
cost $300,000, including the engine house and machinery. 

The draw span was begun August 1, 1895. The entire work 
was finished June 26, 1896, ample time being taken by the con- 
tractors, because of the delay in the work on the viaduct. 

The work of replacing the old stone viaduct in the centre of the 
avenue with the new steel structure, began with the heightening of 
the old viaduct from One Hundred and Sixth Street in May, 1893, 
the contractors for the steel work being the Elmira Bridge Com- 
pany and the New Jersey Iron and Steel Company. Tlie steel 
work extends from One Hundred and Eleventh Street to the river, 
the total length being 5,840 feet, divided into four sections. The 
New Jersey company erected section No. 3, extending from One 
Hundred and Twenty-third to One Hundred and Twenty-seventh 
Street, a distance of 1,009 feet. 

The total steel structure south of the bridge w^eighs 19,000 tons. 
It represents the most advanced type of modern bridge building, 
and no similar work exists. Not only is it heavy beyond any work 
of its kind, but the steel is of a specially fine quality, and was made 
from the ore and specially rolled for this work. 

The work proceeded night and day, while 400 trains passed 
daily under the growing structure, but not a train w^as delayed 
because of the work, nor was there an accident of any kind. 

View from Train. — Quite a number of the great improve- 
ments which have recently been made in the northern part of the 
city can be seen from the trains as they pass over the new viaduct. 
Among them are Grant's Tomb, St. Luke's Hospital and the build- 
ings of Barnard College and Columbia College, on Moruingside 
Heights, and very soon the grand structure of the Cathedral of St. 
John the Divine will be observed. Further north, and on the west side 
of the Harlem River, the now famous speedway is under construc- 
tion and approaching completion; the magnificent High Bridge, 



ORE AT EH NEW YORK. 175 

Wasliingtou Bridge, McComb's Dam Bridge -md the viadiict lead- 
ing to it from the north, are works of art as well as of great utility, 
under which the trains pass, and on the right may be seen the 
buildings of the University of tlie City of New York, Webb's 
Sailors' Home, and hundreds of other new buildings of less im- 
portance. North of the Harlem River, on the Harlem Division, is 
Bronx Park, which is to contain the great Botanical Gardens and 
Zoological Gardens of Greater New York, and within a few years 
this portion of the city will offer attractions which will be unsur- 
passed in their character by any city in the world. 

Greater New York, which is nineteen miles wide by thirt3'-t]iree 
miles long, certainly offers to the tourist and seeker after knowl- 
edge or pleasure more inducements than any other American city, 
and few cities in Europe can equal it. 

High Bridge, which crosses the Harlem a 
little further south, supports an aqueduct for 
the waters of the Crotoii River. This stone struc- 
ture is built with thirteen arches that rest on 
solid granite piers. The length of the bridge is 
one thousand four hundred and sixty feet, and 
the crown of the highest arch is one hundred 
and sixteen feet above the river's surface. Pedes- 
trians only can cross the bridge. 

McComb's Dam, or Central Bridge, is located 
near the plain where the last generation of turf- 
men were accustomed to speed their horses. 
The return trip is over Riverside Drive. (See 
map.) 

Riverside Park consists mainly of a three- 
mile drive following the bx^ow of the Hudson 



176 GREATER NEW YORK. 

River blulF, from the meadows at One Hundred 
and Twenty-seventh Street, formerly known as 
" Matje Davits' Fly," to Seventy-second Street. 
Elegant residences adorn the eastern side of 
Riverside Avenue, and a good deal has already 
been done to beautify the park. At the right 
of the drive, where the ground slopes gently to 
the water's edge, grassplots and groves of shade- 
trees afford pleasant opportunities for a ramble. 

Claremont. — At the beginning of Riverside 
Drive, a restaurant now stands on the height 
which was once crowned by a stately private 
residence known as Claremont, and occupied 
successively by Lord Churchill, Yiscount Cour- 
tenay (afterward Earl of Devon), and Joseph 
Bonaparte, known as Comte de Survilliers. 

The Tomb of General Grant. — In the midst 
of this daily pageant of fashion, lie the remains 
of the great commander, General Ulysses S. 
Grant. After impressive ceremonies and amidst 
a vast concourse of people, the body of this hero 
was laid to rest, August 8, 1885, in the un- 
pretentious vault which is placed at the east of 
the drive, in that portion of the Park called 
Claremont Heights. A stately monumental 
structure adds dignity to this spot in keeping 
with its national and historical interest. 




THE GHANT TUMB. 



178 GREATER NEW YORK. 

Work was begun on this tomb April 27, 1891; 
that clay was chosen because it was the anniver- 
sary of General Grant's birth. The corner-stone 
was laid on April 27, 1892. The tomb was 
dedicated, with most elaborate ceremonies, on 
April 27, 1897, in the presence of President 
McKinley, Vice-president Hobart, the Cabinet, 
and foreign Diplomatic Corps, and the largest 
gathering of people ever witnessed in this coun- 
try. The monument covers a square of one hun- 
dred feet, exclusive of the steps and projections. 
The height is one hundred and sixty feet from 
the base line. This spot may be reached by Park 
carriages from Central Park via Seventy-second 
Street and Riverside Drive, or by the Boulevard 
and Forty-second Street line. The crosstown 
cars in One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street 
run within walking distance of it. 

The Statue of Washington, a copy of Hou- 
don's work — the one ornament of the kind yet 
placed in the Park — ^was a gift from the children 
of the public schools. 

The residence of the late General Sherman 
was in West Seventy- third Street, at No. 67. 

The Legislature has passed an act appropriat- 
mg two hundred and fifty thousand dollars for 
the erection of a Soldiers' and Sailors' monu- 



GREATER NEW YORK. 179 

ment within tlie city limits. There has been a 
disao^reement as to where it should be placed. 
Some have contended that it ought to l^e at the 
Plaza, Fifty-ninth Street and Fifth Avenue. But 
of late certain officers of the Navy have taken an 
interest in the matter, and contend that unless it 
is put somewhere upon the water-front the pro- 
posed monument cannot be seen l^y their branch 
of the service. And, furthermore, they claim 
that it ought to be placed at the lower end of 
Riverside Park, at Seventy-second Street. Then, 
with General U. S. Grant's tomb, at the northern 
end of the drive or park, and the Soldiers' and 
Sailors' Monument at the southern end, both 
branches of the service will be duly represented 
in places ^here the memorial can be seen by 
soldiers or sailors, whether on land or water. 

Take dinner at Hotel Majestic, corner of 
Seventy-second Street and Central Park west. 



CHAPTER IX. 

THE FIFTH MORNING. 

At 9 o'clock the party is supposed to meet in 
the Zoological Gardens of Central Park, corner 
of Sixty-fourth Street and Fifth Avenue. One 
whole day will be devoted to this beautiful 
breathing-spot. 

Central Park, now the pride of the city, was 
a region of rock and swamp, but a comparatively 
short time ago, over which roamed at pleasure, 
the pigs, goats and chickens that belonged to 
the " squatters,'' who^e shanties were perched 
on the hillsides or clustered in the hollows. 

The estal^lishment of the Park, which was ef- 
fected in 1855, was greatly due to the untiring 
efforts of the Honorable DeWitt C. Littlejohn, 
then speaker of the Assembly at Albany. 

The value of the land appropriated to this pur- 
pose was estimated by the commissioners to be 
about five million and two hundred thousand 
dollars ; this amount to be paid partly by assess- 
ments on adjoining property benefited, and part- 

180 



GREATER NEW YORK. 



181 



ly by tlie creation of a city-stock, called "The 
Central Park Fund," for the payment of which 
stock the lands of the Park should ])e pledged. 
The cost of improving the grounds was pro- 
vided for in the year 1857 by placing the man- 
agement and control of the property under a 
Board of Commissioners, and requiring the cor- 




OLD SQUATTER SETTLEMENT ON THE CENTRAT, PARK SITE. 



poration to create a public stock to be denomi- 
nated "The Central Park Improvement Fund," 
in such sums as should be required by the com- 
missioners — the interest on the stock to be paid 
by a general tax, wliich was not to exceed one 
hundred thousand dollars annually. 

The Park, which now comprises about nine 



182 GREATER NEW YORK. 

hundred acres, is situated very nearly in tlie 
i^eog-raphical centre of the Ishmd, and is in all 
respects well adapted to tlie recreative wants of 
toth the rich and tlie poor. Pedestrians roam 
at pleasure over thirty miles of walks — some 
fashional)le and mucli frequented, others retired 
and quiet. Riders on horseback join the throng 
on the carriag-e roads, or confine their peregrina- 
tions to bridle-paths on which no vehicle will be 
admitted. For carriages there are over nine 
miles of broad, well-made roadway, affording in 
its course a view of nearly every object of in- 
terest, but nowhere crossing on the same level a 
foot-path of im[)ortan(*e, or any portion of the 
bridle-road. 

The Main Entrance to the Park is at the cor- 
ner of Fifth Aveiuie and Fifty-ninth Street. 

The Zoological Gardens. — In and al)out the 
old arsenal, a castellated gray bVick l)uilding, 
situated at the Sixty-fourth Street and Fifth 
Avenue entrance, is located the menagerie, or 
Zoological Grarden. 

The Statues of Thomas Moore and Alexan- 
der VON Humboldt are on the banks of the pond, 
not far from the main entrance. The former was 
modeled l)y Dennis B. Sheehan and given to the 
city b}' the ^loore Memorial Committee ; the 



GREATER NEW YORK. 183 

latter was modeled by Gusta\ e Blaeser and ])re- 
sented to the city l)y Grerinaii residents, on the 
one hnndredth anniversary of the birth of the 
distingnished fiavant, September 14, 1869. At 
the unveiling- of this statue, Professor Louis 
Ao'assiz delivered a memorable address. 

The Children's Shelter, with a dairy and 
an abundance of benches, seats, tables and 
swings, is passed on the way to 

The Mall. — This prominent feature of the 
Park is reached from the Zoological Garden by 
passing under the marble archway, a structure 
noted for the l)eauty of its architectural design. 
The Mall itself is a broad promenade, one-third 
of a mile in length, ornamented on either side 
by rows of stately American elms, and termi- 
nating at the north in a richly decorated water- 
terrace and fountain. 

The two exceedingly fine pieces of statuary 
— Shakespeare, and the "Indian Hunter" — 
that stand on the vestibule lawn at the southern 
appoach to the Mall, were executed by J. Q. A. 
Ward. A bronze castino- of " Eao-les and Goat,'' 
by Fratin, stands a little to the east. The other 
pieces, placed at either side of the promenade, 
are : Sir Walter Scott, a copy of the original 
statue in Edinburofh, bv John Steele ; Robert 



184 GREATER NEW YORK. 

Burns, by the same artist : Fitz-dreene Halleck, 
by Wilson MacDonald, nnd a ])ust of Beethoven 
on a g-ranite pedestal near the music-stand. 
Concerts that are listened to by vast numbers of 
people are here provided for Saturday after- 
noons in the summer. 

The Terrace and Esplanade that border the 
lake at the north of the Mall, form the principal 
architectural feature of the Park. Three stair- 
wavs lead to the Esplanade, the central one being- 
under the road and terminating in an arched 
hall, decorated with tiles. The railing and stair- 
ways are constructed of light brown sandstone, 
with panels elaborately sculptured in great 
variety of intricate design. Especially rich in 
pattern and execution are the carving's of birds 
and animals, flowers and fruit, with which the 
noble ramps of the side stairways are decorated. 

Bethesda Fountain. — Hovering above the 
upper basin, with wings outstretched, as if just 
alighting on the massive rock at its feet, the 
figure of an angel, who seems to be blessing the 
waters of the fountain, is in the Esplanade be- 
tween the Terrace and the Lake. Four smaller 
figures, eml)lematic of tlie blessings of temper- 
ance, purity, health and peace, support the up- 
per basin, and are slightly ^■eiled by the water 



186 GREATER NEW YORK. 

which falls from above into the ample pond at 
their feet. This work of art was designed and 
executed by Miss Emma Stebbins of New York. 

The Lake, a handsome, irregular pond, con- 
taining nearly twenty acres of water, is seen to 
the best advantage from the Terrace. In the 
summer time gondolas and pleasure-boats of 
every description sail its waters, while the win- 
ter months bring to it the gaiety of skaters. For 
a row about the lake the fare is ten cents, but 
by the hour, the charge is thirty cents for one and 
ten cents for each additional person. 

The Casino. — Close by the carriage concourse 
at the northern end of the Mall, and east of the 
Terrace, is a pretty stone cottage, containing an 
excellent restaurant. 

The Ramble, a rocky hill rising from the 
northern side of the Lake, has been transformed 
into country freshness and beauty l)y trees, of 
which there are : the ash, the elm, the lime and 
the beech, with almost all of the conifera3 — 
pines, firs, spruces, and hemlocks — and by com- 
mon wild flowers that blossom here abundantly. 
Wild birds build and breed freely, while swans, 
ducks and cranes swim the streams of this se- 
questered grove, which bears within its solitudes 
the charms of wildness and unmolested freedom. 



GREATER NEW YORK. 187 

Schiller. — On a sandstone pedestal, amid all 
this beauty, stands a bronze bust of the poet, a 
work of art modeled by C. L. Richter, and pre- 
sented to the city by Grerman residents in 1859. 

The Park Phaeton. — At the Terrace it will 
be desirable to take one of the carriag-es provided 
by the commissioners for the purpose of convey- 
ing passengers over the entire Park for the mod- 
erate fee of twenty-five cents each. Three times 
during the route an opportunity will be given 
to stop and examine places of special interest : 
the Museum of Natural History, McGowan's 
Pass Tavern, and the Metropolitan Museum of 
Art. By retaining the tickets provided at start- 
ing, passengers may remain at their leisure in 
any of these places, as the phaetons are passing 
and will stop on signal. 

The " Tigress and Young.'' — At the right of 
the road, just west of the Terrace, stands this fine 
group in bronze, modeled by Augustus Caine. 
" The Falconer," a figure of exquisite grace, 
executed by George Simonds, stands on a bluff 
at the left, near the Seventy-second Street en- 
trance. 

The Statue of Daniel Webster, by Thomas 
Ball, stands on a high pedestal at the junction 
of the west drive and the Seventy-second Street 



188 GREATER NEW YORK. 

entrance. Handsome hotels and flats line the 
street at the left of the Park. Within the last 
few years apartment houses have multiplied to 
such a remarkable extent, that this mode of liv- 
ing* seems destined to become as common in I^ew 
York City as it is in Paris or Vienna. 

The American Museum of Xatural History, 
which was incorporated by the Legislature in 
1869, held its first exhibition in the arsenal, when 
the Yerreaux Collection of natural history speci- 
mens, the Elliot Collection of Xorth American 
birds, and the entire museum of Prince Maximi- 
lian of Neuwied, were displayed. 

It was not until June, 1874, that the corner- 
stone of the present building — -situated in Man- 
hattan Square, between Eighth and Xinth ave- 
nues and Seventy-seventh and Eighty-first streets, 
and connected with the Park by a bridge — was 
laid by General Grant. Xew portions have re- 
cently been added, which are so rich in material 
as greatly to strengthen the effect of tlie archi- 
tectural design — a not very pronounced tendency 
to the Romanesque. These buildings form only 
a few of the many that are to be erected as the 
collections require them and the liberality of the 
State allows. 

The current ex})cnses of tliis institution are 



GREATER NEW YORK 



189 



paid by the city, the Board of Trustees, arid pri- 
vate sul)8criptibii. The Park Departirient, as the 
representative of the city and State, provides the 
o-rounds and l)uilding's and keeps them in repair, 
the trustees in return furnishino- the exhibits, 
and opening the Museum to the public, free of 





From a I'late presented by the Museum. 

THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. 



charge, on Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Satur- 
day and Sunday of each week, from 9 o'clock 
until 5 o'clock, and on Wednesday and Saturday 
evenings until 10 o'clock. 

Allow over an hour for vour visit to this 



190 GREATER NEW YORK. 

Museum. The main features are the Hall of Mar- 
bles and Oriental Building Stones, the large Lee- 
ture Hall which opens from this Hall of Marbles, 
the Jesup Collection of Woods on the same floor, 
the Higher Forms of Animal Life on the second 
floor, the Seal Collection, the Buffalo Case, the 
Hall of Birds, the Collection of Monkeys, the 
Department of Fishes and Reptiles, a Collection of 
Butterflies and Moths, the Mineralogical Collec- 
tion, the Paleontological Collection, the Depart- 
ment of Ethnology and Archa3ology, Models of 
the Cliff Dwellings, and the Library and Read- 
ing-room. 

From the carriage-road, the Lake, the Ramble, 
and the Belvedere — a stone lookout tower, 
erected on the highest knoll in the Park — are the 
flrst objects of interest after leaving the Museum. 
Be sure when hailing the phaeton that you get 
one going toward the Receiving-Reservoir, and 
not one that will take you out of the Park. 

The Receiving-Reservoir of the Croton 
Water Works next comesintoview, at the right 
of the drive. This receptacle has a capacity of 
one hundred million gallons. The retaining-res- 
ervoir, a little further north, holds one billion 
and thirty million gallons. The water supply of 
the city is drawn from the Croton River, a stream 



GREATER NEW YORK. 191 

in Westchester County, and from a number of 
lakes in the vicinity of its sources. 

The Equestrian Statue of Gteneral Simon 
Bolivar, on an elevation at the left, was a gift 
from the government and people of Yenezuela. 
This work was executed by R. De la Cora. 

The Drive now leads through the wild beauty 
of woody hills and rocky slopes at the north of the 
Park until the second station is reached — formerly 
known as Mount St. Vincent, but now called 
McGowan's Pass Tavern. From the porch of 
this attractive restaurant the eye rests, in the 
summer season, on brilliant flower-beds filled 
with the choicest plants. Far beyond are spread 
the waters of the East and Harlem rivers, in 
which the islands and buildings on them may 
be easily identified. A more charming spot can 
hardly be imagined for the nuns who, according 
to tradition, lived here previous to the Revolu- 
tion. 

Here you can be provided with luncheon, and 
can prepare for the afternoon to be spent in the 
same Park. 



CHAPTER X. 

THE FIFTH AFTERNOON. 

Historical Sites. — After the lunch, hail the 
phaeton for another long drive, and be sure to 
get the phaeton going in the right direction and 
not one that will take you back over the same 
ground that you traversed in the morning. 
McGowan's Pass, formerly a circuitous portion 
of the old Boston Road and now a park-highway 
in front of the Tavern, was the scene of an attack 
l)y the British at the time of the retreat of Put- 
nam's column to Harlem Heights. A success- 
ful resistance was made by Silliman with the 
aid of Alexander Hamilton, who, with liis can- 
non, had o-uarded the rear of the column dur- 
intr the whole of its dansfcrous march from 
Bleecker Street, the British extending their 
lines from that street to the Hudson and East 
rivers just after the American army had passed. 
Remains of the extensive breastworks, subse- 
quently erected by the British, are still visible 
near the elevation on whicli the Tavern stands ; 



GREATER NEW YORK. 



193 



<a,n{l at the north, on a low bhiff, once called 
Fort Fish, an old cannon, a mortar, and a shell 
are still preserved as relics of this time. 

The Block House. — This fortification to which 
visitors must be directed by a Park-policeman, 
was built hy the Americans, but was afterward 
improved and occupied by the English during 
Revolutionarv times. Another tradition clino'S 




THE OLD FORT FISH AT M GOWAX S PASS. 



to the flag-staff on the summit. It is popularly 
called " Old Hickory," because General Jackson, 
who bore that soubriquet, is said to have qnce 
been its owner. 

The vista from this point is exceptionally fine. 
At the north and west the Palisades, the Bloom- 
ingdale Asylum, the private mansions overlook- 



194 GREATER NEW YORK. 

ing tlie Hudson, the lofty and winding elevated 
railroad, the ornamental stairways and battle- 
ments that eonstitute the first improvements of 
Morninofside Park, Mount Morris Park, and 
further on Fort Washington — the strongest 
breastwork thrown up by the Americans during 
the Revolution — are the various objects of in- 
terest presented. 

The site of the camp-fires of various regiments, 
at different times in possession here, is a little to 
the left of this- fort. 

After leaving the Tavern the phaeton passes 
over the east drive which for some distance pos- 
sesses no objects of special interest, except the 
entrance to the reservoir — a sort of gate-house 
built of granite. 

The Statue of Alexander Hamilton. — This 
work, by Charles Conradts, was presented to tln^ 
city in 1880 by the son of the illustrious states- 
man. A monument to Hamilton was once 
erected in Weehawken, the place where he fought 
the duel with Burr ; but the locality became 
tlxe scene of such frequent duels that the gen- 
tleman who raised the statue caused it to be 
broken into fragments. Another fine statue of 
this celebrated individual w\as placed in the 
Stock Exchano^e in \\'A\ Street, Ijut the falling 



GREATER NEW YORK. 195 

ill of the roof at the time of the great fire of 
1835, crushed it to atoms. 

The Obelisk. — East of the drive and oppo- 
site the Metropolitan Museum of Art stands a 
relic that antedates the birth of Christ by many 
centuries. This monolith, which was gazed 
upon by Moses, was one of two erected for the 
Temple of On by Thutmes III. of Egypt, as a 
thank-offering for his victories. The hiero- 
glyphic inscriptions mostly are commemorative 
of that great monarch, although the names and 
titles of Rameses II. and of Usorkon I. also ap- 
pear. The Obelisk was presented to the city in 
1877 by the late Khedive of Egypt, Ismail 
Pasha, the expense of its removal, one hundred 
thousand dollars, having been borne by William 
H. Yanderbilt. The site from which it was 
eventually taken was near Alexandria, it having 
been placed in front of the Cassarium, in the 
time of Augustus Ctesar. Its companion now 
stands in London. 

The Metropolitan Museum of Art. — Leave 
the phaeton at the Museum, and allow the re- 
mainder of the afternoon for seeing the wonder- 
ful exhibits in this place. 

In November, 1869, at a public meeting held 
in the Academv of Music, a committee, com- 




11 



GREATER NEW YORK. 197 

posed of fifty o-entlemen. was formed to draft a 
plan of organization for tlie purpose of foundini^^ 
an institute, the o])jeet of whieh should be the 
art culture of the people of New York City. In 
1870 the Legislature granted this committee, 
which was then increased to over twice the orio- 
inal number, a charter " for the purpose of es- 
tablishing a museum and library of art ; of en- 
couraging and developing the study of the fine 
arts ; of the application of art to manufactures 
and to practical life ; of advancing the general 
knowledge of kindred subjects ; and to that end, 
of furnishing popular instruction and recreation.'' 
The Museum is controlled by the Board of 
Trustees, elected by the members of the corpora- 
tion, who are such for life. The officers elected 
annually by the cor])oration are ex-officio mem- 
l)ers of the Board of Trustees, as are also the 
president of the Department of Public Parks, 
the comptroller of the city of New York, and 
the president of the National Academy of Design. 
The growth of this institution has no parallel, 
even in countries where such effort is entirely 
supported by government ; and as a natural 
consequence, the current expenses continually 
increase. The trustees have spared neither their 
personal means nor their time to meet the con- 



198 GREATER NEW YORK. 

stantly increasing demand, but it has now be- 
come so heavy that they are asking the city to 
assume the entire financial responsibility of the 
annual outhiy, while they, in return, will open 
the Museum to the public, free of charge at all 
times, and devote their means to the enlarge- 
ment and perfection of the collection. 

As at the present time the Park Department 
furnishes accommodations for the Museum, and 
contril)utes funds for its maintenance, the 
trustees admit the general public on Wednes- 
days, Thurdays, Fridays and Saturdays, from 
10 a.m. until one half-hour before sunset ; on 
Sunday from 1 p.m. until the same hour, and 
on Tuesday and Saturday evenings, from 8 un- 
til 10 o'clock ; besides this, art students and 
public school-teachers and scholars are allowed 
special privileges. On the remaining days an 
admission fee of twenty-five cents is charged. 

The technical art schools for designing, mod- 
eling, carving, free-hand and mechanical draw- 
inof, that are established in connection with the 
work of the Museum, add greatly to the earning 
capacity of this class of American laborers. 

The Blodgett Collection of pictures, the first 
acquisition of any importance, was exhibited in 
a rented house on P'ifth Avenue, near P^ifty-third 



GREATER NEW YORK. 



199 



Street, After the presentation of an archneologi- 
cal collection, consisting of over thirty thousand 
objects, o-athered from the Island of Cyprus by 
General Di Cesnola, then United States Consul, 
the Museum was removed to a more extensive 




From a Photograph presented liy the Museum. 

METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OP ART. 

mansion in Fourteenth Street. The present 
building has been occupied since 1880, at which 
time it was formally opened by the President of 
the United States. Like the Museum of Natural 
History, a series of buildings is intended. These 



200 GREATER NEW YORK. 

now standino- are of red l)riek, with granite fac- 
ings, but the architectural design is hard to 
chissify, not being quite definitely the Gothic or 
Renaissance that they appear to illustrate. Guide 
books of the Museum can be secured at the door. 

The success of tlie Museum, and the superior 
quality of the paintings which it exhibits, de- 
monstrates the remarkable progress that our 
coiuitry has made in its patronage and apprecia- 
tion of art during the past quarter of a century. 
This institution and the private galleries from 
which paintings constantly are being loaned by 
their generous owners, possess examples of the 
greatest artists of ancient and modern times. As 
the general public is permitted frequent access 
to these potent agents of civilization, the stimulus 
necessarily must permanently increase. 

The Phaeton to Fifth Avenue Entrance. — 
The first ol)ject to attract attention after leaving 
the Museum will l)e the new Jewish Synaofoo-ue 
on Fifth Avenue, at Seventy-sixth Street. It is 
thought l:)y some architects that the beauty of 
this edifice, which is classical Renaissance in its 
design, is much impaired by the gilded frame 
and black panels of its dome. 

■ The Pilgrim," by J. Q. A. Ward, is a 
bronze statue, well placed on a rise of ground at 



GREATER NEW YORK. 201 

tlie left of the drive, but not seen to advaiitatre 
because the phaeton turns to the rig-ht just be- 
fore it is reached. This attractive statue was 
a p-ift from the Xew Enodand Societv. 

A Statue of S. F. B. Morse, by Byron Picket, 
stands east of the Seventy-second Street entrance. 
It was erected by telegraphers in 1871. 

The other statues in the Park, not seen from 
the phaeton are : " Commerce," by Guion ; Maz- 
zini, the Italian agitator, l)y Turiiii, and the 
Seventh Regiment Monument, by Ward. The 
latter is a l)ronze figure of a private soldier in 
the Seventh Regiment, erected in commemora- 
tion of the comrades who fell during the Civil 
War. A Columbus Monument, presented by 
Italian residents and made in Italv to commemo- 
rate the four hundredth anniversary of tlie dis- 
covery of America, stands at the Fifty-ninth 
Street and Eighth Avenue entrance to the Park. 
It was unveiled on Oct. 12, 1892. A statue of 
Thorwaldsen. cast from a mould made l)v him- 
sdf, was erected in 1894 by the IJanisli residents 
of Greater N^ew York. It is placed at the Fifty- 
ninth Street and Sixth Avenue entrance. 

The nearest hotel is the Pomeroy, corner of 
Fifty-ninth Street and Eighth .Vvemie, where 
dinner mav be obtained. 



CHAPTER XI. 

THE SIXTH MORNING. THE ISLANDS. 

Liberty, or Bedloe's Island, on which stands 
Barthohli's great statue, " Liberty Enlightening 
the World," is situated in New York Bay, about 
two miles southwest of the Battery. From 8 
a.m. until 4 p.m. boats leave hourly for this 
destination from the Barge Office pier. 

Nine o'clock will find you again at the Bat- 
tery, but this time you take the Liberty boat to 
go to Bedloe's Island, which you have hereto- 
fore seen only from a distance. You can ar- 
range for the party to meet at the Barge Office 
— the pier is directly back of it. 

During the later days of the colonial epoch 
these thirteen acres of Bedloe Island property 
belonged to Captain Archibald Kennedy, then 
Collector of the Port, whose summer residence 
was situated in this delightful spot; but after 
the Revolution a series of transformations took 
place, the State first utilizing it as a quarantine 
station, and the Federal Government afterward 

202 




STATUE OF UBERTY. 



20 i GREATER NEW YORK. 

convertiiii^- it into a iiiilitarv fortification, which 
intnrn i>'ave way to the statue that keeps watch 
over our destinies at the present time. Tlie 
star-shaped, granite walls of Fort Wood still re- 
main, forming- a rather ornamental inclosure for 
the pedestal. As a military post this island has 
been put to practical service only when, during 
the Rebellion, a numl)er of buildings were 
erected there and used as hospitals. 

Many Acars ago, when Bartholdi, the French 
sculptor, entered the port of New York, he was 
so greatly impressed with the eagerness of the 
immigrants who crowded on deck to obtain a 
first glimpse of the land of freedom and o])por- 
tunity, that he conceived the idea of symbolizing, 
by a statue of Liberty, the welcome that for- 
eigners received. 

It was not until after the close of the Civil 
War, at a social meeting of prominent French- 
men in Paris — on which occasion Bartholdi w^as 
present — that the idea of presenting the statue 
to America was first advanced and received with 
an amount of enthusiasm which insured the com- 
pletion of the project. Subsequently subscri[)- 
tions were received to the extent of over a mil- 
lion of francs, and the work was finished and 
conveyed to our shores in the month of June, 



GREATER NEW YORK. 205 

1885. As the sympathy of France for this coun- 
try demonstrated itself by the assistance of a 
valiant contingent in our time of g-reat struggle 
for independence, so that bond of interest again 
found expression by a gift commemorative of 
our success, and suggestive of the possibilities 
of our future. Two hundred and fifty thousand 
dollars having been obtained for a pedestal 
(through the efforts of Joseph Pulitzer), the 
statue was unveiled on the 28th of October, 

1886, in the presence of the President and many 
distinguished guests, with imposing ceremonies, 
elaborate decorations, and the booming of can- 
non. 

This largest statue of modern times is one 
hundred and fifty-one feet in height. In one 
hand " Liberty '^ holds a tablet, while with the 
other a torch is uplifted. The body is grace- 
fully draped, and the head is surmounted by a 
diadem. The material is hammered copper. A 
spiral stairway within the statue leads to the 
head, where forty persons can stand together 
without material inconvenience. Another stair- 
way in the arm leads to the torch-chamber. No 
elevators are provided, and the climb is very 
trying; but the view afforded from the top is 
magnificent. At night the torch is at times 



206 GREATER NEW YORK. 

lighted by electricity, uiid the base and pedes- 
tal also are illuminated. The forefinger of the 
right hand of the goddess is seven feet in 
length, and at the second joint four feet in cir- 
cumference. The nose is over three feet long, 
and the statue weighs over twenty-five tons. 
The extreme height above low-water mark is 
three hundred and six feet. The pedestal, con- 
structed of granite and concrete, is one hundred 
and fifty-five feet in height. 

Ellis Island. — Take the boat back to the 
Barge Office, and from the same pier you can 
board a barge that will take you to Ellis Island. 
This little spot, once known as Bucking Island, 
contained, until 1827, a small circular fort 
called Fort Gribson. The five acres that consti- 
tute this plot of ground belong to the United 
States, and have been used as a place of storage 
for explosives. At the present time govern- 
ment officials receive immigrants in a landing 
depot, which was formally opened on New Year's 
day, 1892. The wooden structure erected for 
this purpose nearly covers the island, is three 
stories in height, and has a tower at each cor- 
ner. The cost of construction was almost half 
a million dollars. The first floor is devoted 
to baggage-transfer and local express offices, 



GREATER NEW YORK. 207 

as well as to the private offices of the govern- 
ment express. At the landing of a ship the new- 
comers are received on the second floor, the 
crowd pouring over the gang-plank in a compact 
mass, pushing, jabbering, gesticulating. Offi- 
cers calmly direct the bewildered strangers to 
desks, where name, place of birth, age, occupa- 
tion, and destination are registered. Every- 
thing here is so perfectly systematized that 
from twelve to fifteen thousand hnmigrants can 
be easily handled at one time, twelve lines being- 
formed, with a registry clerk in attendance at 
each line. From a gallery in this room the pub- 
lic may view the motley procession. On this floor 
there are also rooms for the detention of pau- 
pers, lunatics, criminals, and persons suspected 
of being contract laborers. Women and chil- 
dren are provided with separate apartments, and 
a telegraph station, money exchange, postal sta- 
tion, information bureau, and railroad and steam- 
ship office are accessible. The third floor contains 
sleeping-rooms for the accommodation of immi- 
grants who are detained over night. The surgeon 
is the only official who resides on the island. 

A ferryboat continually plies between Ellis 
Island and the Barge Office, and visitors are 
permitted at any time. 



GREATER NEW YORK. 209 

The greatest number of immigrants landed 
in New York in one year was four hundred and 
fifty-five thousand four hundred and fifty. This 
was in 1883. The greatest number landed in 
one day was on May 11, 1887, when nearly six- 
teen thousand were registered. Of late years 
the immigration from Italy has far exceeded 
that from any other country. 

Governor's Island. — The boat for Governor's 
Island lands in the dock next the Ellis Island 
boats. They leave every hour, and visitors are 
welcome. This egg-shaped plot of ground, con- 
taining nearly sixty-five acres, is situated about 
one thousand yards south of the Battery. It was 
first purchased from the Indians by Wouter Van 
T wilier, the second Dutch governor of New 
York, that worthy personage whom Irving de- 
scribes as having weighed the books of disput- 
ing merchants to discover if their accounts would 
not balance. The Indian name of the island 
was ''Pagganck," or Nut Island. It was for 
some time called Nutten Island ; but after it be- 
came the Yan Twiller residence it was known as 
Governor's Island, and has retained that appel- 
lative. 

Since the War of 1812, at which time the bat- 
teries now found on it were erected, this prop- 



210 GREATER NEW YORK. 

erty has been exclusively under the control of 
the United States War Department. \t is now 
headquarters for the Military Department of the 
Atlantic and the Major-Gleneral and his staif are 
residents. The northern portion of the island is 
occupied by the Ordnance Department as the 
New York Arsenal. Cannon balls are ranged 
about it in pyramids, and on the little wharf is 
one of the largest guns owned by the Govern- 
ment. The parade-ground is adorned with fine 
old shade-trees and the residences of officers. 
A chapel erected by the widow of General Han- 
cock, the library and picture gallery of the 
Military Service Institution, and the Military 
Museum, which contains battle-flags and other 
war relics, are interesting social features of the 
present occupation. A footpath leads to Fort 
Columbus, the stone fortification in the centre 
of the island, now utilized as quarters for the 
soldiers. Castle William, an old-fiishioned stone 
work, with three tiers of casemates, is located 
on the northwestern shore. In the haste inci- 
dent to the War of 1812, even the professors and 
students from college and school were called 
upon to assist in the completion of this promi- 
nent fortress. A small, triangular battery and 
two magazines are situated on the southern 



GREATER NEW YORK. 211 

point of the island, and everything is in prepa- 
ration for the rapid throwing up of earthworks 
and the mounting of heavy guns, Castle William 
being considered entirely too old-fashioned to 
withstand the fire from modern ships-of-war. 

For luncheon go to Delmonico's down- town 
place, at the corner of Beaver and William streets. 
It is a short walk up Broadway to Beaver, and 
along Beaver to the* restaurant. 



CHAPTER XII. 

THE SIXTH AFTERNOON. A SAIL ON THE EAST RIVER. 

After luncheon you are ready for the trip to 
Glen Island, up the East River and the Sound. 
Go to the Jersey City Ferry, which is at the foot 
of Cortlandt Street, where is also the dock for 
the Glen Island boat. This was the ferry for 
which Robert Fulton built the two boats, the 
York and the Jersey in 1812. 

Every morning paper contains the advertised 
sailing schedule of the Glen Island boats, which 
should be carefully noted. 

After leaving its pier the Glen Island steamer 
must first round the Battery, the southern ter- 
minus of Manhattan Island. At the west and 
south lie the Ellis and Bedloe islands, and the 
shores of New Jersey, whereon the Jersey City 
docks are more conspicuous than pleasing. 
Robin's Reef Lighthouse is below these on a 
reef of rocks that was once a resort for seals. 

Staten Island, at the south, is a richly 
wooded and hilly tract of country, containing 

212 



GREATER NEW YORK. 213 

about sixty square miles of land that are occu- 
pied chiefly by the villas of New York business 
men. A point of the eastern shore forms, with 
the western coast of Long- Island, the Narrows, 
or entrance to New York Harbor — a passage 
protected by Fort Wadsworth and a line of 
water batteries on the Staten Island side, and 
by the two forts, Hamilton and Lafayette, on 
the opposite shore. 

Staten Island was purchased from the Indians 
in 1657, for ten shirts, thirty pairs of stockings, 
ten guns, thirty bars of lead, thirty pounds of 
powder, twelve coats, twelve pieces of duffel, 
thirty hatchets, twenty hoes, and a case of 
knives. 

New York Harbor is a body of water about 
nine miles in length and three miles in width. 
From the ocean at Sandy Hook to the metropo- 
lis at the head of the bay it is about twenty- 
eight miles. No city in the world has a more 
majestic approach or a more agreeable situation. 
The waters of its harbor are deep enough to 
float the largest vessels, and from their contigu- 
ity to the ocean are never frozen in the winter. 

Quarantine Station is on Staten Island. Gov- 
ernor's Island is separated from Long Island by 
Buttermilk Channel, east of which are located 



GREATER NEW YORK. 215 

the docks and piers of South Brooklyn. The 
Xew York shore, for a considerable distance along- 
the East River, is crowded with merchant ships 
from every country as well as with river and 
sound steamers and ferryboats, loaded with pas- 
sengers, plying between the two busy cities. 

The Wharfage Facilities of I^ew York ex- 
cel those of any city in the world, and the cost of 
handlina* the carofoes is much less than in Liver- 
pool or London. Over one hundred steamers, be- 
longing to the trans- Atlantic fleet, ply between 
New York and European ports. 

The first wharf was constructed in 1648, 
when the population of New York numbered less 
than one thousand. Li 1687 the total shipping- 
amounted to but three ships and fifteen sloops and 
barks. In 1807 Fulton's steamboat, theCIennont 
made its first trip to Albany in thirty-two hours. 
The first steamship, the Savannah, crossed the 
Atlantic in 1819, taking twenty-five days ; the 
usual time for fast clipper-ships was from sixteen 
to twenty-one days. 

By closely watching the map you can easily 
keep the steamer located, and then by following 
the reading-matter in the book, the value of the 
trip will become greatly enhanced and the pleas- 
ure of the afternoon increased a hundredfold. 



216 



GREATER NEW YORK. 



Jeannette Park is a small space between 
Pearl Street and the river, above Broad Street 
— formerly designated " Coenties Slip," in honor 
of an influential Dutch shoemaker whose shop 
once occupied a corner in this locality. Here 
stood the clumsy stone tavern, or city hall of the 
Dutch administration. A corporation pier, erected 
at this point in 1751, was the first public improve- 




THE OLD STADTHUYS. 



nient for which money was borrowed, the bond 
«'iven bearing- an interest of six per cent. 

The water front from the Battery to Fulton 
Street is artificially-made ground, the natural 
riverside liavino: been at Pearl Street, alonof 
which the little village of N"ew Amsterdam first 
e:s:tended itself This was a favorite locality for 
markets, the old " Fly Market" having been the 
most celebrated. The Dutch word vhj, meaning 



GBEATER NEW YORK. 217 

valley, was the orig-iiial appellation. JN'ear Fulton 
Street the first ferry to Long Island was estab- 
lished in 1638. Heretofore, a small skiff had been 
used to convey the passengers who sometimes 
had to wait an entire day before crossing. 

Brooklyn Bridge, the history and proportions 
of which have been already described, spans the 
East River as it bends eastward, and is seen to 
great advantage from the boat. 

A little distance beyond, at the Brooklyn side, 
the steamer passes the United States Navy Yard, 
situated in Wallabout Bay. The name of the 
bay is a corruption of " Waale Boght." The 
United States Navy Lyceum and the United 
States Marine Hospital are located at this point. 
Preparations for shipbuilding are conducted 
within the enormous sheds near the river ; the 
cob-dock occupies the bay. (See Extra Day's 
Outing in Brooklyn.) 

Corlear's Hook. — This point of land, below 
Grrand Street and opposite the Navy Yard, has 
been called Corlear's Hook since Stuyvesant 
granted the property to one sturdy Yan Corlear 
for "faithful services rendered." In 1643 a num- 
ber of Indians, having encamped at this place, 
awakened the fear of the white settlers, who sur- 
prised the red men at midnight, and killed over 



218 GREATER NEW YORK. 

thirty and inflicted atrocious barbarities. This 
action was the direct cause of the revolt of eleven 
tribes of previously peaceful Indians. 

Bellevue Hospital at Twenty-sixth Street, 
is easily discerned from the river. The Morgue, 
where dead bodies are left for identification, is 
near the water's edge. 

Kip's Bay. — According to Washington Irving 




THE FIRST FERRY FROM NEW YORK TO LONG ISLAND. 

this indentation at the foot of Thirty-sixth Street 
received its name from the following adventure: 
" . . . At the bow of the commodore's boat 
was stationed a very valiant man named Hen- 
drick Kip. . . , No sooner did he beliold 
these varlet heathens '' (Indians) " than he trem- 
bled with excessive valor, and although a good 
half mile distant, he seized a musketoon that lay 



GREATER NEW YORK. 219 

at hand and, turning away his head, fired it 
most intrepidly in the face of the blessed sun. 
The blundering- weapon recoiled and gave the 
valiant Kip an ignominious kick, which laid him 
prostrate with uplifted heels in the bottom of 
the boat. But such was the effect of this tre- 
mendous fire that the wild men of the woods, 
struck with consternation, seized hastily upon 
their paddles and shot away into one of the deep 
inlets of the Long Island shore. 

"This signal victory gave new spirits to the 
voyagers ; and in honor of the achievement they 
gave the name of the valiant Kip to the sur- 
rounding bay." 

It was here that the British landed when, in 
September, 1776, they made their first attack on 
Washington's army and caused the precipitate 
retreat of American soldiers stationed at this 
point. 

Long Island City, which begins directly op- 
posite Kip's Bay and extends northward for a 
considerable distance, comprises the formerly 
separated districts of Ravenswood, Astoria, and 
Hunter's Point — the latter is occupied by oil- 
refineries and factories. The former sections 
contain country villas and handsome residences. 

Blackwell's Island. — This long and narrow 



220 GREATER NEW YORK. 

strip of land, the next point of interest on the 
route, was once the country seat of John Man- 
ning, the captain in charge of the fort at the 
time of its capture by the Dutch in 1673. It 
was not until 1828 that the city purchased the 
property for its charitable and correctional insti- 
tutions. These now include tlie charity hosi)ital, 
penitentiary, almshouse, hospital for incura])les, 
female lunatic asylum, convalescent hos[)ital, 
workhouse, and blind asylum. The buildings 
have all been constructed of stone quarried from 
the island by convict labor ; the general style of 
architecture is somewhat feudal in its character. 
Residences occupied by the officials in charge 
are surrounded with lawns and gardens that are 
kept in perfect order by the inmates of the 
prison, almshouse, etc. These individuals also 
farm certain portions of this fertile land, row the 
officials and their families to and from the city 
and have built and kept in repair the heavy 
granite sea-wall that protects the shores of the 
entire one hundred and twenty acres of land. 

Hell Gate. — This celebrated strait is entered 
shortly after leaving Blackwell's Island. By rea- 
son of numerous rocks, shelves, and whirlpools 
— known under the various appellations of 
''Flood Rock,'' " Negrohead," ''Gridiron," 



GREATER NEW YORK. 221 

" Hogsback," ^'Fryingpan,'' " Pot Rock/' etc.— 
this narrow passage was very dangerous to ship- 
ping, and could only be entered with skilful pilots. 
Since 1886, however, the channelhas been opened. 
The United States Government expended two 
millions of dollars in order to render it safe. 
Tlie final explosion of this great work occurred 
at Flood Rock in 1885, at wdiich time over fifty- 
two thousand pounds of dynamite were used. 

Ward's Island, at the left of Hell Gate, con- 
tains about two hundred acres of ground. For 
many years it was chiefly occupied by lunatic 
asylums owned by and run at the expense of 
New York City, which at the same time was 
contributing its full quota to the support of the 
lunatics of every other county of the State. The 
unfairness of this arrangement led to the passage 
of the law of 1895 under which the city, for a 
nominal consideration, ceded Ward's Island to 
the State, and the State assumed all the expenses 
attendant on the care of lunatics committed from 
New York City. The Manhattan State Lunatic 
Asylum now occupies the island. A sea-wall, 
which was constructed by convicts from Black- 
well's Island, girts the property. The grading 
and general improvements were done by this 
same class of labor. 



222 



GREATER NEW YORK. 



Randall's Island, which lies between Ward's 
IsUxnd and the mainkind, consists of one hundred 
acres of city property, handsomely laid out and 
ornamented with shade-trees. An idiot asylum, 
nursery, hospital, and schools are placed here l)y 
the city, in order to provide for the wants of its 
destitute children. A house of refuge, under the 
charge of the Society for the Reformation of 
Juvenile Delinquents, is at the southern end of 




RANDALL S ISLAND. 



the island. In this institution children who have 
been sentenced by the city magistrates are taught 
to work and are instructed in all the common- 
school branches. Passes must be obtained from 
the Commissioners of Public Charities in their 
buildino: at the corner of Third Avenue and 
Eleventh Street, in order to visit any of the city 
institutions on these islands. A special permit 
is required for the lunatic asylum on Ward's 



GREATER NEW YORK. 223 

Island. A ferry conveys passengers to these 
localities from the foot of East Twenty-sixth 
Street. 

The Channel at the south of Randall's Island 
is called Little Hell Grate ; the one at the north 
is the Bronx Kills. Several islands lie clustered 
within the embrace of the Westchester and Long 
Island shores, where the waters of the Sound l)e- 
ofin. A fort at Throo-o-'g Neck and another one 
at Willet's Point command this entrance to New 
York. Along the northern shore is Pelham Bay 
Park, a tract of land containing seventeen hun- 
dred acres of beautifully- wooded territory. 

City Island is noted as the place where 
American oyster culture first began. Hart's 
Island belongs to New York City, and is occupied 
by the Potter's Field, a branch workhouse and 
a lunatic asylum. David's Island was purchased 
by the Government in 1869, but was used as a 
hospital-station during the War of the Rebel- 
lion. It is now a receiving-station for recruits. 

Glen Island. — At this picturesque resort it 
will be fitting to terminate the labors and pleas- 
ures of the week. Rest and refreshment will be 
found in cool groves filled with choice varieties 
of rare exotics ; and the return to busier haunts 
will be at the close of the day, when the weary 



224 GREATER NEW YORK. 

traveler, having learned the history of its events 
and the institutions of its present time, can be 
content to view, in the half-light, the city which 
promises such stores of wealth for the sightseer 
of the future. 



CHAPTER XITI. 

EXTRA day's outing A PEEP AT THE CITY OF 

CHURCHES. 

Sunday in Brooklyn. — Meeting at the ^ew 
York entrance of the Brooklyn Bridge at 9 
o'clock a.m., it may wisely be determined, if all 
are good walkers, to walk across the structure 
rather than to take the cars that cross it. By 
walking one gets a better idea of the massive- 
ness of the mason- work and a better view of 
river and harbor. The bridge, which was 
opened to the public on May 24, 1883, had taken 
thirteen years in building, and had cost $15,- 
000,000, of which :N'ew York issued bonds for 
$5,000,000 and Brooklyn for $10,000,000. Its 
towers reach two hundred and seventy-eight 
feet above high water. In the middle of the 
stream there is one hundred and thirty-five feet 
clear between its flooring and high water. The 
structure is free to pedestrians and bicyclers. 
The railroad fare is two and one-half cents. The 
schedide for vehicles is low compared with ferry 



226 GREATER NEW YORK. 

rates, the charge for the two-horse wagon being 
ten cents. The diameter of the great cables is 
fifteen and three-quarter inches. The length of 
each individual wire is three thousand ^yid hun- 
dred and seventy-eight feet, six inches. The 
ultimate strength of each cable is twelve thou- 
sand two hundred tons. About one hundred 
and twenty-five thousand persons cross the 
bridge each day on the railway. Nearly one 
hundred policemen on the bridge form a separ- 
ate force, under the control of the trustees, and 
not identified in any way with either the New 
York or Brooklyn systems. The total length of 
the promenade is five thousand nine hundred 
and eighty-nine feet or about one and one-eighth 
miles. 

Coming out on Sand Street, walk across Ful- 
ton Street one and a half blocks to Hicks, and 
up Hicks to Orange. Plymouth Church is on 
Orange, near Hicks. Henry Ward Beecher 
preached there many years. Walk back to 
Sand Street and take the green car— Flushing 
Avenue Line — the only line that runs right 
angles to the bridge. In fiYQ minutes you are at 
the main entrance of the Navy Yard. Since it is 
Sunday, you cannot go in without a ''pull " and 
the wasting of valual)le time. On any week- 



GREATER NEW YORK. 227 

day not a holiday, any person can enter the yard 
and inspect ships at the docks, but special 
permits are required to cross to Cob Dock 
or to board ships in commission. Cob Dock 
is an island of nineteen acres. The whole 
yard covers one hundred and twelve and one- 
fourth acres, and contains store-houses, foun- 
dries, arsenals, machine shops, marine barracks, 
a guard house and officers' residences, as well 
as dry-docks for vessels. Records are kept at a 
building known as the Lyceum, where is located 
the office of the captain of the yard, from whom 
all special permits must be obtained. In Trophy 
Park, fronting the Lyceum, is a marble column 
commemorating the fate of twelve American 
seamen, who fell at the capture of the Barrier 
forts on Canton River, China, in 1856. Around 
this monument are grouped guns, captured from 
the British frigate Macedonian; and the iron 
prow of the Confederate ram Mississippi, The 
Marine Hospital and Naval Cemetery occupy 
another enclosure, on the other side of the land 
sold to the city of Brooklyn for market purposes. 
The water front of the Navy Yard is nearly 
three miles. The receiving ship Yermont is 
moored to Cob Dock, and varying numbers of 
Federal war ships are to be seen in the yard. 



228 GREATER NEW YORK. 

Riding on in the Flushing Avenue Car, one 
passes the Marine barracks and drill yard on one 
side and the city park on the other, comino^ to 
the Wallabout Market. This includes about 
forty-five acres of land on both sides of Wash- 
inofton Avenue, and runnino- from Wallabout 
Creek to Flushing Avenue. It is laid out like 
a little town l)y itself, and is filled with stalls 
which do a business of $25,000,000 a year. 
All retail grocers and butchers in Brooklyn 
get their supplies each morning from this 
market. 

At Classon Avenue, transfer to a car going 
to City Hall on the Glreenpoint line. Two blocks 
up, it turns into Myrtle Avenue, and will take you 
past Washington Park (formerly Fort Greene 
Park) where the martyrs of the British prison ships 
are buried. The park is on liigh ground, and 
is admirably kept. At Fulton Street leave the 
car and take a glance at the City Hall, the Mu- 
nicipal Building, the Court House and the Hall 
of Records. The first has the great bronze 
statue of Henry Ward Beecher ficing it in front. 
It is a marble buildino- in Doric architecture 
with heavy pillars. The Municipal Building, 
across Joralemon Street, in the rear of City Hall, 
is a modern structure in white limestone. The 



GREATER NEW YORK. 229 

Court House and Hall of Records are on adjoin- 
ino- plots and are of granite. 

Walking down Fulton Street to the junction 
of Washington, and then one block down the 
latter thoroughfare, you pass the Park Theatre 
and come to the Eagle Building and the Federal 
Building on opposite sides cf Johnson Street, 
but both on the right side of Washington. Both 
are imposing structures and worth examination. 

Walking back to Montague Street, opposite 
the corner of Myrtle Avenue and Fulton Street, 
when you get out of the car, take a cable-car to 
the Wall Street Ferry. Alight at the top of 
the hill, and step out to the Esplanade to get an 
unrivaled view of the harbor. Then go down 
and take a car on the Furman Street line to 
transfer to the Fifteenth Street line for Green- 
wood Cemetery. You will go very close to At- 
lantic Basin, which covers forty acres, and rivals 
similar structures on the Thames and Mersey, 
and is the greatest grain depot in the world. You 
will also approach Erie Basin, which covers one 
hundred acres, and is protected by a mile of 
l)reakwater. All sorts of ships are dry-docked 
here, and in winter seven hundred canal boats 
seek shelter in the basin. The ocean rafts of 
timber from Maine are received here. But you 



230 GREATER NEW YORK. 

will see nothing of these places unless you are 
able to pay another visit to Brooklyn. 

Arrived at Gtreenwood, you will take a car- 
ry-all at the main entrance at Fifth Avenue and 
Twenty-fifth Street for a trip around the City of 
the Dead, with a guide who will explain what 
you are seeing. The fare is twenty-five cents 
for adults and ten cents for children. About 
295,000 persons have been buried in Green- 
wood, and the number of interments is over 
5,000 per year. 

Though the walk from Greenwood to Pros- 
pect Park is not long, it may be well to take 
a Fifth Avenue surface-car to Flatbush Avenue, 
and there transfer to the Flatbush Avenue line. 
The main entrance of Prospect Park should be 
reached in about fifteen minutes. Allow one and 
a half hours to the Park. The Soldiers' and Sail- 
ors' Memorial Arch, at the entrance, has bas-re- 
liefs by Maurice J. Power, representing President 
Lincoln and General Grant on horseback, review- 
ing the troops after the fall of Richmond. You 
will notice near this arch a bronze statue of Major- 
General Gouverneur Kemble Warren, by Henry 
Baerer. This was unveiled July 4, 1896. The 
Park contains a bronze statue of J. S. T. Strana- 
han, almost the only case on record of such a 



GREATER NEW YORK. 231 

tribute to a man still living, and bronze busts of 
Beethoven, Irving, Thomas Moore and John 
Howard Payne, as well as a heroic ])ronze statue 
of Abraham Lincoln. This was originally un- 
veiled at the entrance in 1869, but in 1895 was 
moved to the flower garden where it now stands. 
On what is known as Lookout Hill is a granite 
shaft erected by the Baltimore Society of the 
American Revolution to the memory of four 
hundred Maryland troops who fell in the defence 
of the rear of the American Army at the battle 
of Long Island, which was largely fought within 
the ground now covered by Prospect Park. 
There is a bronze tablet on the East Drive locat- 
ing Battle Pass, where the hottest fighting took 
place. Prospect Park is not over decorated by 
the landscape gardener, and great freedom is 
given to children to use the lawns. 

At the Coney Island Exit of the Park, what 
is known as the Cycle Path begins. It is on 
both sides of the Ocean Boulevard. This 
thoroughfare has a main driveway for fast 
horses, a cycle track on each side, and outside 
of this a roadway for business wagons in each 
direction. Six rows of shade-trees run for all of 
its five and a half miles from the Park to the 
ocean. It is one of the system of driveways that 



232 GREATER NEW YORK. 

makes Brooklyn attractive to the cyclist as well 
as the horseman. Bedford Avenue is the hio^h- 
way by which up-town New Yorkers, crossing 
the Twenty-third Street Ferry, reach Prospect 
Park ; and the heroic equestrian statue of Gren- 
eral Grrant, by Partridg-e, is on that street in front 
of the Union League Club-House. Eastern 
Parkway — on the east side of the Park — connects 
with the whole system of macadamized roads on 
Long Island. The Bay Ridge Shore Drive, and 
Fort Hamilton Avenue add seven miles of this 
system. 

The Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sci- 
ences (founded in 1824) has a handsome new 
building on the Park lands, fticing Eastern Park- 
way. It furnishes courses of lectures on every 
branch of art, science, literature and history. 
It has 4,500 members, composed of the repre- 
sentative literary men and women of Brooklyn. 

Prospect Park has cost about $4,000,000. It 
contains five hundred and sixteen and one-sixtli 
acres. It can be reached easily by car lines 
from all parts of the city ; and is therefore a 
thoroughly popular breathing place. You can 
take a car directly to the bridge from the Park ; 
but if it is summer time there is a better way of 
spending the evening. 



234 GREATER NEW YORK. 

Coney Island. — Goino- out of the Park at what 
is called the Willink entrance, Malbone Street 
and Flatbush Avenue, take a Nostrand Avenue 
car (standing opposite the entrance) to Atlantic 
Avenue. Then take a Manhattan Beach steam- 
car to Coney Island. Trains run every hour. 
At Manhattan Beach stroll over to the Oriental 
Hotel. Returning, take dinner at the Manhattan 
Beach Hotel. See the fireworks and hear the 
music. Take the marine road to Brighton Beach 
and look over the hotel there. Then go by 
elevated road or stage (fare five cents) to West 
Brighton. This is the popular end of Coney 
Island — the beer garden, shooting-gallery, pea- 
nut stand end. It is worth seeing. Take the 
Iron Steamship Line home. You will sail 
through the Narrows and will be landed at the 
Battery or at the foot of West Twenty-second 
Street, New York. The trip will take a little 
over an hour. 

Coney Island was in the old town of Graves- 
end. It became a part of Brooklyn, and is now 
a part of Greater New York. 




I 



CHRONOLOGICAL SKETCHES OF THE CITY 
OF NEW YORK. 

1524. — The Island of Manhattan was discovered by John De Ver- 
razzani, a Florentine. 

1609. — Hendrik (or Henry) Hudson, a navigator in the service of 
the States General of Holland, and the second discoverer of 
Manhattan Island, sailed up the Hudson River to a point a little 
below Albany. 

1611. — The first ships that carried merchandise from the North 
River, the Little Fox, and the Little Crane, were sent from 
Holland on a voyage of speculation. 

Three more vessels were at this time fitted out for the pur- 
pose of establishing trading posts on the Hudson River, where 
furs might be collected, thus saving time for the ships that 
crossed the ocean. One of these was called The Tiger, the 
other two bore the name of The Fortune. 

The first vessel built on the shores of New York Harbor, 
and the first to pass through Hell-Gate, was called the Restless, 
and may be considered as peculiarly entitled to honorable 
mention, because it was the means of filling many impor- 
tant blanks in the geography of the world. 

1613. — Captain Adrien built four small houses and established a 
fur agency at what is now No. 41 Broadway. 

1614. — An expedition from South Virginia, dispatched by Sir 
Thomas Dale, took possession of the infant colony. 

Later in the year, Holland, having regained possession of the 
Island, sent an expedition of five vessels, that explored the 
whole length of Long Island, passed up the Hudson and Dela- 
ware rivers, and were given the exclusive right to trade be- 
tween the Delaware and Connecticut rivers for three years. 

1633. — A charter, under the title of the West India Company, went 
into operation. 

235 



236 GREATEH NEW TOMK. 

This is considered to have been the era of the permanent set- 
tlement of New Netherhinds. 

1634. — Peter Mlniiit arrived at Manhattan, in the capacity of Di- 
rector-General of New Netherlands, and organized a provis- 
ional government. 

1625. — Three ships and a yacht from Holland, brought a number 
of settlers and one hundred head of cattle. 

1626. — Manhattan Island was purchased from the Indians, for 
trinkets worth twenty-four dollars. 

1633. — The first schoolmaster arrived from Holland. 

The first ship-of-war. Be Soutberg (the Salt Mountain), 
brought a company of soldiers to garrison the stronghold 
that had just been completed on the southern point of the 
Island. 

1638. — The first ferry crossed the East River to Long Island. 

1643. — A church, built of rock stone, which cost about one thou- 
sand dollars, was erected within the walls of tlie fort. 

The first tavern, " Staadt Herberg," was built by the Dutch 
West India Company at Coenties Slip. 

1643. — The first deed recorded was for a lot thirty by one hundred 
feet, that was sold for nine dollars and fifty cents. 

The wreck of thesliip Princess occurred in Bristol Channel. 
This was one of the most notable maritime events in con- 
nection with the early history of the city, eighty passengers, in- 
cluding the Director-General Kieft, and Dominie Bogardus, 
the first clergyman established in this city, having been 
drowned. 
Lots were freely given to whoever would build in the town. 

1648. — The first wharf was constructed. 

The first ordinance for the prevention of fire was passed, 
after which four fire-wardens, or chimney-inspectors, were 
appointed. 
The settlement contained twelve retail dealers. 

1650. — The first lawyer, Dick Van Schelluyne, commenced prac- 
tice. 

1651. — All persons who were absent from the city four months 
lost their burgher rights. 

1653. — The city of New Amsterdam was incorporated. 



GREATER NEW YORK. 23T 

The First Public School was established in the " Stadthuys. " 
1654. — Burgomasters received one hundred and forty dollars, and 
the Schepeus one hundred dollars per annum, for their ser- 
vices. 
1655. — Negroes were purchased from slave-ships and taken to Vir- 
ginia. 
1656. — New Amsterdam contained one thousand inhabitants, one 
hundred and twenty houses, and seventeen streets. 
The first survey of the city was confirmed by law. 
1657. — The English language was first recognized in New Am- 
sterdam. 
1658.— Stone pavements were laid. The street first paved still re- 
tains its former name of Stone Street. 

The first fire-company, which consisted of eight men, was 
organized. 

Whipping with a rod, and banishment from the city, was at 
this time the punishment for theft. 

Hogs running at large were required to have rings in their 
noses, 
1659. — The first shipwreck on this coast, of which there is any ac- 
count, occured near Fire Island. The name of the ship was 
Prince Maurice. 
Poor-boxes were customarily introduced at weddings. 
Houses were rented for twenty-seven dollars per annum. 
The first public auctioneer was appointed. One dollar and 
ten cents was the fee paid for the disposal of a lot, 
1660. — The establishment of a brick-yard was a notable event in 
connection with the architectural progress of the city. Before 
this time bricks had been imported from Holland, and were 
considered too expensive to be used, except in the construction 
of chimneys and ovens, 

A man living near tlie Bowery, offered to give away his 
property, for the reason that he disliked to ride through two 
miles of dense forest to reach his work. 

It was punishable to call magistrates blockheads, on account 
of an adverse decision, 
1663. — The first suicide recorded in the town was that of a black- 
smith, who hung himself from a tree near Collect Pond, 



238 OBEATER NEW YORK. 

1664.— New Amsterdam was captured by the English, and its name 
was changed to New York. 

Notice was given of a reorganization of the municipal gov- 
ernment under the direction of Mayor, Aldermen and Sheriff. 
1665. — The first Court of Admiralty, organized by Governor Nich- 
ols, was convened and held in the Stadthuys. 
1670.— A seal of the city was presented by the Duke of York. 
Staten Island was purchased for a few trinkets. 
The first New York Exchange was established, the members 
arranging to meet every Friday morning, between eleven and 
twelve o'clock, at the bridge which crossed the ditch at Broad 
Street, a locality now known as Exchange Place. 
1673.— A Dutch fleet recaptured the city, in the name of the States 
General of Holland, and changed its name to New Orange. 

The first mail between Boston and New York was estab- 
lished, " for a more speedy intelligence and despatch of 
affairs." The letters were carried by a messenger who made 
the round trip once a month. 

At this time the main portion of the town extended from 
the high ridge of ground at Broadway to the East River, then 
called Salt River. A great dock for vessels, and three cres- 
cent-shaped forts, were placed along the shore. Ahnost all 
of the houses presented gable ends to the street. 
1674 — A treaty of peace having been signed by England and Hol- 
land, New York was again restored to the English. 

Only one Jew and one Spaniard held property in the city 
at this period. 
1677,_]Srew York contained three hundred and forty -three houses. 
1679. — A bear was killed in an orchard near Maiden Lane. 

The first classis was formed, at the suggestion of the gov- 
ernor, for the purpose of examining and ordaining a young 
Bachelor in Divinity, who had been called to the church in 
Newcastle. 
1683.— The city was divided into six wards. 

The " Court of General Sessions of the Peace of the city of 
New York," first called the "Court of General Quarter Ses- 
sions," was instituted under royal government. 
1686,— The "Dongan Charter," the basis of all later charters o\i- 



GREATER NEW YORK. 239 

tained for this city, was granted by James the Second. This 
declared that New York City thenceforth should comprise the 
entire Island of Manhattan. 

The best house in the city was sold for three thousand and 
five hundred dollars. 

1689. — Information of the accession of William and Mary to the 
throne was received in New York with great satisfaction. 
The garrison was seized by about fifty inhabitants, who 
formed themselves into a committee of safety to hold the prov- 
ince in rule until a government could be established by the 
new sovereigns. This movement inaugurated a bitter strife 
between factions of the citizens, who contended for the tem- 
porary control, and resulted in the ascendency of Leisler. 

1691.— The first Assembly met April 9th. 
Leisler was tried and executed. 

1693.— The first post-office was established. 

A whipping-post, pillory, and ducking-stool, were placed 
near the City Hall. 

1693.— The first printing-press was put in operation. 

1696. — Trinity Church Corporation erected its first edifice. 

The city contained five hundred and ninety-four houses, and 
six thousand inhabitants. 

The Reformed Protestant Dutch Church received a charter 
of incorporation. 

1697. — The first almanac was published. 

1700.— The second City Hall was erected at the corner of Nassau 
and Wall streets. 

1703, — The "King's Farm," a region of country extending north- 
ward from Cortlandt Street, was granted to Trinity Church 
Corporation by Queen Anne. This gift laid the foundation 
for the revenues of that society. 

1709. — A slave market was established at the foot of Wall Street. 

1710.— The total annual income of the city was two hundred and 
ninety-four pounds sterling. The total expenses Avere two 
hundred and seventy-four pounds. 

A post-office establishment for the colonies in America was 
created by an Act of Parliament, the chief office of which was 
in New York. 



240 OREATER NEW YORK. 

1712. — The negro iahabitauts formed a plot to set fire to the city, 
and, in its execution, killed several wliite persons. Nineteen 
of the incendiaries were convicted and executed. 

1719. — The first Presbyterian Cliurch was erected in Wall Street. 

1720. — Clocks were first introduced, time having previously been 
• recorded by hour-glasses. 

1725. — The first newspaper, called the New York Gazette, was 
published. 

1729. — A City Library was founded. 

1730. — The charter upon which the city's present system of gov- 
ernment is based, was granted by Governor Montgomery. 

A line of stages, that made bi-monthly trips, was established 
between New York and Philadelphia. 

The first fire engines used in the city arrived from London. 
A fire-department was at once organized. 

1732. — The first stage from New York to Boston made the round 
trip once a month. 

1734. — A Poor-House. and a Calaboose for unruly slaves, were 
erected on the Commons, now City-Hall Park. 

1740. — The New York Society-Library was organized. 

1741. — The famous delusion, known as the "Negro Plot," in 
which a large number of negroes, and a Catholic priest, were 
executed without cause, occasioned much excitement. 

1750. — The first theatre was opened in Nassau Street. 

1754. — King's College obtained a charter of incorporation. 

1756.— The first ferry plied between New York and Stateu 
Ishxnd. 

1757. — The city contained about twelve thousand inhabitants. 

1761. — A second theatre was opened in Beekman Street. 

1763. — Light first gleamed from the Sandy Hook lighthouse. 

A ferry was established between New York and Paulus 
Hook — now Jersey City. 

1765. — The famous Stamp-Act Congress convened in this city. Del- 
egates were present from all the colonies, and a bold declara- 
tion of riglits and grievances was adopted. An agreement not 
to import goods from Great Britain, until the Stamp Act was 
repealed, was signed by a large concourse of merchants, and a 
society of individuals, who called themselves the "Sous of 



GREATER NEW YORK. 241 

Liberty," was organized, with affiliations throughout the 
country. Great excitement prevailed, and a riot occurred, in 
which the governor was burned in effigy, and the citizens 
threatened to storm the fort. 
1766. — News of the repeal of the Stamp Act reached the city May 
26th. 

The Methodist Episcopal Society of the United States was 

founded by Philip Embury, in his own house in this city. 

1768. — A Chamber of Commerce was organized at Queen's Head 

Tavern, the building afterward known as " Fraunce's Tavern." 

1770. — The New York Chamber of Commerce was incorporated by 

the Legislature. 

A statue of William Pitt was erected in William Street. 
1772. — Umbrellas were imported from India. They were at first 

scouted as an effeminacy. 
1774. — A vessel called the Nancy was not permitted to land her 
cargo of tea, nor to make entry at the Custom-House. 

A Committee of Correspondence was organized, and a 
" Congress of Colonies" was insisted upon by the merchants. 

Resolutions of resistance were adopted by a great meeting 
on the Commons, now City-Hall Park. 
1775. — The Colonial Assembly adjourned. 

Delegates were elected to the Continental Congress. 

The first New York water -works were established. 
1776. — The militia was called into service in January. In the spring 
following, the city was in the possession of the American Army. 

The leaden statue of Geoi'ge the Third was pulled down 
July 9th. 

The Declaration of Independence was read from the balcony 
of the old City Hall, July 18th. 

The king's coat of-arms was taken from the court-room and 
burned on the same day. 

The city was captured by the British, August 26th, after the 
battle of Long Island. 

A great fire destroyed Trinity Church and nearly five hun- 
dred houses, September 21st. 

Nathan Hale was executed as a spy, by command of Gen- 
eral Howe. 



242 GREATER NEW YORK. 

1777.— Congress directed the Board of War to write to the govern- 
meut of New York, urging that the lead mines in that State 
bo worked, and promising to supply prisoners of war for the 
purpose; the scarcity of lead making it necessary to use gutters 
and roofs, and the leaden statue of King George the Third for 
bullets. 

1778. — The British evacuated Philadelphia, and an army of twelve 
thousand men marched from that city to New York. The 
baggage and stores, with some three thousand non-combatants 
who held to their British allegiance, were sent to New York 
by water. 

1779. — While the city was in the possession of the British, counter- 
feiting Continental bills was a regular business; flags of truce 
were made use of to put it in circulation, and the newspapers 
openly advertised it. 

On the 19th of May, at eleven in the morning, a darkness, 
which continued for several hours, necessitating candles at 
noon-day, fell over the city. The cause of this remarkable 
phenomenon has been assigned to prodigious fires, that had 
been raging in the States of Massachusetts, Vermont, and 
New Hampshire. 

1780. — A great scarcity of fuel and fresh provisions caused general 
consternation. Fruit trees were cut down, wood was twenty 
dollars a cord, corn was four dollars, and potatoes were two 
dollars a bushel. As the ice in the Hudson River offered an 
opportunity for the Americans to cross it, an attack upon the 
city was feared, and all the inhabitants were put under arms. 
Four newspapers were published during the time of the 
British occupation, the proprietors arranging their issues so 
that one paper was provided for each day. 

1783 — The British evacuated the city November 35th, and General 
Washington entered at the head of the American Army. 

1785. — Congress moved from Philadelphia to New York, and con- 
vened in the City Hall, which then stood at the corner of Wall 
and Nassau streets, now occupied by the United States 
Sub-Treasury Building. 

The Bank of New York and a manumission society were 
established. 



GREATER NEW YORK. 243 

The first daily paper was published under the name of the 
New York Daily Advertiser. 

1786. — The first city directory was issued. It contained eight 
hundred and forty-six names. 

1787. — King's College was reiucoiporated as Columbia College. 

1788. — The Constitution of the United States was adopted by New 
York State. A great parade celebrated that event in this city. 

1789. — The first Congress under the Constitution of the United 
States assembled in Federal Hall on the 4th of March, at 
which time George Washington was unanimously elected 
President. 

The inauguration of Washington as President of the United 
States, took place April 30th, on the gallery of the old City 
Hall. 
Martha Washington held her first reception May 29th. 
Tammany Society, or the Columbian Order, was founded. 

1790. — The first sidewalks were laid. 

1795. — Park Theatre was erected. 

1797. — The Medical Repository, the first scientific periodical 
printed in this country, was published. 

1799. — The Manhattan Company, organized for the purpose of 

supplying the city with water, obtaiaed its charter. The 

Bronx River, proposed as the source of supply, was surveyed. 

The second bank, the Manhattan Company, was established 

at No. 23 Wall Street. 

1800. — Collect Pond was filled in. This body of fresh water, 
situated on the present site of the Tombs, was of such depth 
that several contractors, who engaged to fill it, were said to 
have become bankrupt in their efforts to do so. Many times 
earth rose above its level in the evening, but the next morn- 
ing's sun shone again on sparkling waters, the debris having 
disappeared beneath its surface. 

On its western borders, surrounded by groves of trees and 
blackberry wilds, once was situated an Indian village, no doubt 
the home of the Manhattans. Fish were abundant in the pond 
for more than one hundred years after the Christian settlement 
of the Island, and one of its promontories was so abundantly 
strewn with a deposit of shells that the Dutch named it 



244 GEEATER NEW YORK. 

" Kalcbook," or "Lime Shell Point." The water was of un- 
usual purity, the celebrated " Tea- water Spring having been 
one of its many fountains, and a number of brooks that flowed 
to both, rivers formed picturesque outlets for its seemingly inex- 
haustible supply. Doubtless the stoppage of these springs had 
much to do with the subsequent epidemics of yellosv fever 
that occasioned so much mourning throughout the city. 
1801. — The real and personal property of the city and county was 
valued at $21,964,037, and a tax was laid of one mill on the 
dollar. 
The Evening Post issued its first number. 
1804. — Alexander Hamilton was killed in a duel with Aaron Burr. 
Sunday-schools were established. 
Hackney coaches were licensed. 
The first recorder of New York Cit}^ was appointed. 
Some alterations in tlie franchise having opened elections to 
the participation of a large number, whom property restrictions 
had previously prevented from having a voice in the choice of 
the city magistrates, this year, for the first time, witnessed a 
Republican majority in the Board. 
1805, — Fort Clinton was erected. 

The New York Free School was incorporated. 
1806.— Steam navigation was successfully demonstrated by Rob- 
ert Fulton. 

The New York Orphan Asylum Society was founded. Mrs. 
Sarah Hoffman and Mrs. Alexander Hamilton were the first 
and second directresses. 
1807. —The city was surveyed and laid out by a commission ap- 
pointed by the Legislature, in which Gouverneur Morris, De- 
Witt Clinton, and other prominent persons were active mem- 
bers. 
The city contained thirty-one benevolent institutions. 
A College of Physicians and Surgeons was chartered. 
Washington Irving, distinguished as a heedless law-student, 
was admitted to the bar. 
1808. — The American Academy of Fine Arts was incorporated. 
1811. — The first ferry carried passengers to Hoboken. 
1813. — War was declared aijainst Great Britain. 



OnEATBR NEW YORK. 245 

Steam was utilized on the Jersey City ferry-boats. 
The manufacture of pins was inaugurated in the city by Eng- 
lish workmen, who procured one dollar a paper for their product. 
1814. — Brooklyn ferry-boats adopted sfceam. 

Specie payments were suspended for nearly three years. 
1815. — New York received with enthusiasm the news of a treaty of 
peace between the United States and Great Britain, 

Thirteen Insurance Companies were located in Wall Street, 
1816. — The Common Council of New York prohibited chimney- 
sweepers from crying their trade in the streets. 

Enormous importations of merchandise from Europe ren- 
dered this year a memorable one among commercial men. 
1817. — The first regular packet-ships, called the Black Ball Line, 
sailed between New York and Liverpool. 
An Asylum for the deaf and dumb was incorporated. 
1818. — Shoe pegs were introduced. 

1819. — The first ocean steamship, the SavannaJi, crossed the At- 
lantic from New York to Liverpool. 
The first Savings Bank was opened. 
1820. — The population of New York was one hundred and twenty- 
three thousand, seven hundred and six. 

New York and New Orleans were connected by a line of 
steamships. 

The New York Observer was published. 
Fire-proof safes, constructed of iron and wood, were im- 
ported from France. 

Daily mails were established between New York and 
Brooklyn and Jamaica, Long Island. 
The Old Park Theatre was burned. 
1821. — In January the North River, from Cortlandt Street to Jer- 
sey City, was crossed on the ice by loaded sleighs. 
1822. — New York, with other counties, had asepnft-ate District At- 
torney. 

A steamship line carried passengers and freiglit between 
New York and Norfolk. 
1823. — The first steam-power printing press in the United States 
was put in operation. An abridgment of " Murray's English 
Grammar" was the first work done by this machine. 



246 GREATER NEW YORK. 

The New York Gas-Light Company was incorporated. 
1824. — A House of Refuge for the reformation of juvenile de- 
linquents was erected by private subscription. This was the 
beginning of a new system for the correction of the vices of 
the young. 

General Lafayette was welcomed with great rejoicing as the 
guest of the city and nation. 
1825. — October 26th, the sound of cannon, first heard at Buffalo, 
and then repeated from point to point, announced the comple- 
tion of the Erie Canal, and the union of the Great Lakes with 
the Atlantic. The amval in New York City of the first canal- 
boat was the occasion of a grand aquatic and civil pageant, in 
wliich the "commingling of the waters" was typically illus- 
trated by Governor De Witt Clinton, the "Father of the 
Canal,"" who, amidst impressive ceremonies, poured from a 
keg the water of Lake Erie into the ocean at the Narrows. 

The first Sunday newspaper published in this city was is- 
sued under the name of the Sunday Courier. It was soon dis- 
continued for want of patronage. 

The first performance of Italian Opera was given at the 
Park Theatre. 

Homoeopathy was introduced by a physician from Denmark. 

The tinder-box, which had been the implement used for 
lighting fires, was superseded by a bottle filled with acid and 
cotton, and surmounted by phosphorized pine sticks. 

The quintal of one hundred, instead of one hundred and 
twelve pounds, was adopted by the merchants as the new 
measure for purchase and sale. 

Gas mains were laid in Broadway. 
1827. — The Journal of Commerce and the Morning Inquirer were 
started. These two papers, in their efforts to rival each other, 
established'swiftscJiooners and pony -expresses for the purpose 
of obtaining the commercial news. 
1828. — The Law Institute was organized. 

Webster's Dic;tionary was published. 

Varnish was first manufactured. 
1829. — The American Institute was incorporated, and held its first 
fair. 



GREATER NEW YORK. 247 

Bricks were manufactured by machinery. 
Galvanized iron was invented. 
1830. — A railroad locomotive, the first one constructed in America, 
was built in New York for a railroad in South Carolina. 

Omnibuses were introduced. The word "omnibus, "painted 
in large letters on both sides of the vehicle, was generally sup- 
posed to be that of the owner. 

The Christian Intelligencer, an organ of the Dutch Reformed 
Church, published its first number. 
1831, — A street railroad was completed, and opened for travel, be- 
tween the City Hall and Fourteenth Street. 

The first sporting paper, called The Spirit of the Times, was 
issued. 

The New York and Harlem Railroad Company was incor- 
porated. 
1832, — Peter Cooper, the philanthropist, demonstrated to the stock- 
holders of the Albany and Schenectady Railroad, that cars 
could be drawn around short curves. 

Five thousand persons died from Asiatic cholera. 
1833. — The Neic York Sun, a penny paper, was published. 
1834. — A meeting of the American Anti-Slavery Society was broken 
up by a mob. 

In conformity with an amendment of the Constitution, a 
mayor of New York was elected for the first time by the votes 
of the people. 
1835. — The Neic York Herald was founded. 
Pins were manufactured by machinery. 
A disastrous conflagration, destroying property to the extent 
of twenty millions of dollars, was checked only by blowing up 
several houses. 
1836. — Work on the aqueduct was begun. 

The Common Council ordered pipes to be laid, preparatory 
to the introduction of water into the city. 

Commercial distress and financial panic spread over the 
whole country, and swept numerous firms out of existence. 
1840. — A manufactory of gold pens was established. 

The New York Tribune, edited by Horace Greeley was pub- 
lished. The receipts of this paper for the first week were 



248 GREATER NEW YORK. 

ninety-two dollars ; the expenses amounted to five hundred 
and twenty-five dollars. 

1841. — The Princeton, a ship-of-war, was constructed by John 
Ericsson, This was the first ship in which the propelling ma- 
chinery was placed under water, and secured from shot. 

1842. — Abolitionists declared a separate nomination, held a State 
Convention, and ran a candidate for the mayoralty of New 
York. 

June 27th, water w\is received through the aqueduct into the 
reservoir at Eighty-sixth Street; July 4th, it was introduced into 
the distributing-reservoir on Murray Hill, wliile waving flags, 
clanging bells, floral canopies, and songs proclaimed the great 
interest which this event awakened. The fountain in the park, 
opposite the Astor House, consisted of a central pipe with 
eighteen surbordinate jets, in a basin one hundred feet broad. 
By shifting the plate of the conduit pipe, the water assumed 
such shapes as the "Maid of the Mist," the " Croton Plume," 
the "Vase," the "Dome." the "Bouquet," the "Sheaf of 
Wheat," and the "Weeping Willow." 

A similar display in Union Square, then called Union Park, 
was a w^eeping willow of crystal drops illuminated with fire- 
works that kindled the cloud of mist until it resembled showers 
of many colored gems. 

1843. — A submarine telegraph connected New York with Fire 
Island and Coney Island. 

A patent for a sewing machine that made a lasting stitch 
was granted to a resident of the city. 

1844. — An enormous immigration poured in from Ireland and other 
European countries, in consequence of famine and political 
disturbances. 

1845. — A disastrous fire occurred, wliicli destroyed a large amount 
of property. 

1846. — The first granite-block pavement was laid. 

1847. — The first successful type-revolving press was made by a 
resident of the city. 

The Board of Education took action in reference to the es- 
tablishment of a Free Academy. This was the first institution, 
maintained at the public expense, by which the pupils of the 



OUEATER NEW YORK 249 

Kew York schools could secure the advantages of those higlier 
departnieiits of learning, usually obtained at great expense in 
the colleges. 
1848. — The first Electric Telegraph Service was inaugurated. 
1849. — The *' Astor Place Riot " occurred. 

The New York Press Association was formed. 
The phenomenon of spirit-rapping caused much excitement. 
1850. — P. T. Barnum introduced Jenny Lind to an enraptured 
audience. 

An Arctic expedition sailed from New York in search of 
Franklin. 
The American Bible Union was organized. 
1851. — Kossuth, the Hungarian patriot, visited the city and re- 
ceived an enthusiastic welcome. 
The New York Times appeared. 
1853. — An International World's Fair was held in the Crystal Pal- 
ace. 

The New York Clearing-House was organized by fifty-two 
of the city banks. 
1854. — The Astor Library was opened to the public. 
1855, — Castle Garden was utilized as a receiving-depot for immi- 
grants. 

The ground for Central Park was selected by commissioners 
appointed by the Supreme Court. 
1857. — An unsuccessful attempt to lay the Atlantic Cable was made, 
the wire parting when but three hundred and thirty-four miles 
had been paid out. 
1858. — The successful laying of the Atlantic Cable was announced, 
and celebrated by public demonstration. 
Crystal Palace was burned. 

The voice of Adelina Patti was heard for the first time in 
public. The cantatrice had not then attained her seven- 
teenth year. 
1860. — The secession of South Carolina caused much consternation 
in business circles. 

The Prince of Wales and his suit were welcomed with elab- 
orate ceremony. 

The Japanese Embassy visited the city. 



\ 



250 ohmater new york. 

1861. — Central Park was opened to the public. 

The banks having loaned enormous sums of money to the 
Government, suspended specie payments, after the attack 
upon Fort Sumter. 

1863. — A draft in progress in the Ninth District, caused a riot 
among foreign laborers, who attacked the recruiting office, 
destroyed the wheel, scattered the lists, and set the building 
on fire. As the militia had been sent to Philadelphia to re- 
sist a Confederate invasion, the police were unaided, and could 
not surpress the demonstration for several days. One hundred 
persons were killed, and a large amount of property was 
destroyed. 

1865. — News of the surrender of General Lee and the Confederate 
Army caused great rejoicing. Banners streamed in the wind, 
the national colors were displayed in great profusion, sweet 
bells chimed the airs of peace, the sound of cannon rolled over 
the water of the rivers and the bay, and the atmosphere was 
filled with the general gladness and mirth of the people. 

One week from the time when peace was restored to the 
country, the body of President Lincoln was laid in state in the 
City Hall, the " Savior of his Coiuitry " having been shot by 
an assassin wliile in his box at the theatre in Washington. The 
tri-colored decorations of the city were at once exchanged for 
the sombre hues of woe. 

1867. — In January, five thousand persons crossed over a bridge of 
ice that had formed in the East River between New York and 
Brooklyn. 

A short experimental section of tlie Ninth Avenue Elevated 
Railroad was opened for travel. 

1869. — The American Museum of Natural History was incorpo- 
rated. 

The Telegraph Messenger Service was organized. 

1870. — The Metropolitan Museum of Art received its charter. 

1872. — A committee of seventy was appointed to investigate the ex- 
tent of the depredations made by Tweed and his " Ring," and 
to bring those criminals to justice. 

1873. — The business interests of the city were paralyzed by a 
panic of unusual severity. 



GREATER NEW YORK. 251 

Morrisania, West Farms and Kingsbridge, three villages 
that covered an area nearly doubling that of the city, were an- 
nexed. 

The city charter was amended, and many important modi- 
fications were made on previous enactments. 

1875. — Fourth Avenue was improved at a cost of six millions of 
dollars, an expense shared equally by the city and the New 
York Central Railroad Company. 

1876. — The one hundredth anniversary of the signing of the Decla- 
ration of Independence, celebrated by a World's Fair at Phila- 
delphia, brought many visitors to the city. Exhibitions of 
loaned paintings, held in the Academy of Design and the Met- 
ropolitan IVluseum of Art during the summer season, made 
the year a memorable one to the lovers of fine art. 
Hell Gate channel was opened. 

1878. — The streets were lighted by electric arclamps. 

1879. — The Central-Station Telephone service was put in opera- 
tion. 

1880. — Four elevated railroad lines were completed, and in opera- 
tion. 

1881.— The city, with the nation, was called to mourn the death 
of President Garfield, who was assassinated in Washington by 
an insane person. 

The current was first turned on for the Incadescent Lamp 
Service. 

Four hundred and forty-four newspapers and periodicals 
were published. 

1883. — East River Bridge was opened to tlie public. 

The statue of Washington, now standing upon the steps of 
the Sub-Treasury Building in Wall Street, was presented to the 
United States Government by the New Chamber of Com- 
merce, on the occasion of the one hundredth anniversary of 
the British evacuation of New York. 

1888. — The city was visited by a storm of wind and snow that for 
several days shut off almost all communication with the sur- 
rounding country, and resulted in much suffering and many 
deaths, 

1889. — An elaborate pageant, commemorating the first inaugura- 



252 OREATEB NEW YORK. 

tion of a President of the United States, arrayed New York 
in holiday attire, and provided for its citizens three days of 
patriotic display and memorable pleasure. 
1890. — The Legislature created by special act a commission of 
eleven men to inquire into the expedienc}^ of consolidating into 
one great municipality the City of New York and various 
towns containing its suburbs. 

An enumeration made by the police, under the unanimous 
resolution of the Common Council, showed the population of 
New York city in 1890 to have been 1,770,715. 

The credit obtained by the city was illustrated by an achieve 
ment never before reached in the history of municipal finance, 
bonds bearing interest at two and one-half per cent, having 
been sold in the open market at a premium of one and one- 
eighth per cent. 

A "strike" by the engineers of the New York Central 

Railroad cl()sed transportation over that route for several days. 

1891. — A Cable Railroad was laid from the Battery to Central Park. 

Fifth Avenue Theatre burned. 

Edwin Bootli played "Hamlet" in Brooklyn, and bade 
farewell to the stage forever. 

Ground broken for the Grant Monument. 

Beecher Statue unveiled in Brooklyn. 

Memorial meeting in honor of Parnell. 

Attempt to assassinate Russell Sage. 
1892.— Hotel Royal burned. Great loss of life. 

Rev. Dr. Chas. H. Parkhurst opens his crusade against vice 
and blackmail — the crusade which produced the Lexow inves- 
tigation and the revolutionizing of the city government. 

Corner-stone of the Grant Monument laid by President Har- 
rison, 

Actor's Fund Fair opened in Madison Square Garden. 

Mass-meeting held to endorse Dr. Parkhurst 's Crusade. 

Cyrus W. Field died. 

Metropolitan Opera House almost destroyed by fire. 

Twenty days quarantine against cholera proclaimed. 

Great Italian Demonstration in celebration of the twenty- 
first anniversary of United Italy. 



GREATER NEW YORK. 253 

Celebrations of Discovery of America (Military Pageant, 
October 12th). 

Death of Jay Gould. 

Corner-stone of Protestant Episcopal Cathedral of St. John 
the Divine laid with imposing ceremonies. 
1893. — Governor Flower signed bill authorizing the purchase of 
Fire Island for quarantine purposes. 

Public honors to the Duke of Veragua, descendant of Chris- 
topher Columbus. 

International Naval Parade in honor of Columbus. 

Columbian Street Parade. 

Princess Eulalie, representing Spanish Government, received 
with honors. 

Peary Relief Expedition sails from New York. 

Collision on New York and Rockaway Beach Railroad ; 
sixteen persons killed, fifty injured. 

International Yacht Races off New York. American Vig- 
ilant defeats British Valkyrie. 

Statue of Nathan Hale unveiled in City Hall Park by the 
Sons of the American Revolution. 
1894. — Greater New York Bill (submitting the question to popular 
vote) signed by the Governor. 

Dr. Talmage's Tabernacle in Brooklyn totally destroyed by 
fire. 

New York and New Jersey Bridge Bill signed by President 
Cleveland. 

Tugboat NicJiol foundered off Sandy Hook. Forty-two 
lives lost. 
1895. — Beginning of great Trolley Strike in Brooklyn, which led 
to the calling out of 8,000 State Troops to preserve order. 

Miss Anna Gould married to Count Ernest Castellane. 

Harlem Ship Canal opened with ceremonies. 

Fire, Broadway and Bleecker Street. Loss $1,000,000. 

Miss Consuelo Vanderbilt married to the Duke of Marl- 
borough in St. Thomas' Church. 

Loving cup presented at Garden Theatre, to Joseph Jeffer- 
son by his fellow actors. 
1896. — A bill was introduced in the legislature providing for the 



254 GREATER NEW YORK. 

cousolidation of the coimties of New York, Kings and Rich- 
mond, and a part of Queens. The governor approved the bill 
on May 11th, and it became a lavr. 
1897. — The Greater New York charter was adopted by the legis- 
lature. 

The Grant Monumental Tomb was on April 27th transferred 
to the city of New York and dedicated. 




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GENERAL HISTORY— SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT. 

The appearance, customs, and manners of the people who oc- 
cupied JVIanhattan Island before the coming of the white settlers 
were so distinct from those of other nations known to the civilized 
world, and their individual character had so little in common with 
the more restrained and law-abiding Europeans, that they were 
classed among those wild and lawless races who, it was supposed, 
had few of the affections and higher emotions of humanity. Later 
experience, however, has shown that under the advantages of 
education and moral culture the American Indian is capable of 
high attainments in all that distinguishes the best traits of human 
character. 

The huts or wigwams of these Aborigines were made of two 
rows of upright saplings, with the branches brought together at 
the top. Upon this frame-work a lathing of boughs was fastened, 
and the inside was nicely covered by strips of bark that afforded a 
good protection from wind and rain. The ground was the only 
flooring these habitations contained, and on this fires were kindled, 
the smoke escaping through an aperture in the roof. The width of 
the wigwams was always twenty feet, the length varied according 
to the number of persons that they were designed to accommodate. 
Sometimes twenty or thirty families occupied the same apartment, 
each retaining an allotted space. In time of war a fence or stock- 
ade, from ten to fifteen feet in height, protected the villages. 

The Manhattan Indians are described as having been tall, small 
at the waist, with black or dark-brown eyes, snow-white teeth and 
cinnamon-colored skins. They were active and sprightly, though 
probabl}^ of less average strength than Europeans of the same size. 
While eating they sat upon the ground, taking the food with their 
fingers. In their dress they were fond of display, both sexes in- 
dulging in this taste to an extravagant degree. Some of the highly- 

255 



256 GREATER NEW YORK. 

ornamented petticoats of the women were sold to the early settlers 
for eighty dollars. The men w^ore upon their shoulders a mantle 
of deer-skin, with the fur next to their bodies, the outside of the 
garment exhibiting a variety of painted designs. Sometimes these 
queer people decorated themselves with many colors. In "full 
paint " they were both grotesque and frightful. The procurement 
of food, which consisted of nuts, fruit, fish, and game, was the 
usual employment in time of peace. The bow and arrow were the 
implements used in hunting. It is said that the Indian boys at- 
tained great skill with these weapons. This singular expertness 
was a wonder to the wliite settlers, who sometimes excited emula- 
tion among tliem by tossing up a purse of money to be claimed by 
whoever could hit it in the air. 

After death the Indians were placed sitting in graves that were 
lined with boughs and covered with stones and earth. By their 
side were deposited cooking utensils, money, and food, in order 
that the spirit might want for nothing on its journey to the * ' Happy 
Hunting Grounds." 

The original name for the ]\Ianliattan Island was Monaton, a 
word descriptive of the whirlpool at Hell Gate — the most striking 
geographical feature of the region — and the appellation by which 
the earliest inhabitants designated themselves was "Mon-a-tuns," 
or "People of the Whirlpool." Manhattan is the Anglicized term. 

FROM 1613 TO 1664. 

Some of the early settlers adopted the bark cabins of the savages 
while others dwelt temporarily in roofed cellars. After a saw-mill 
had been built near a stream tliat emptied into the East River, op- 
posite Blackwell's Island, these pioneers constructed one-story log 
dwellings, the roofs of which were thatched with straw, and the 
chimneys made of wood. The windows admitted light through 
oiled paper. 

As the little town of New Amsterdam increased in size, its habi- 
tations assumed a more substantial and comfortable aspect, tiles, 
shingles, and even brick, were used for the most elaborate res- 
idences. The houses were built in the Low Dutch style, with the 
gable ends toward the street, the tops indented like stairs, the roofs 



GREATER NEW YORK. 257 

surmounted by a weathercock, and the walls clamped with iron 
designed in the form of letters (usually the initials of the proprie- 
tor's name), and in figures indicating the year when the building 
was erected. Every house was surrounded with a garden in which 
both flowers and vegetables were cultivated. Cows and swine 
were abundant, but horses were very rare. Inside, the floors were 
strewn with clean sand. Cupboards and chests that held the pew- 
ter plate, or household linen, were the main ornaments of the best 
room, and as wealth increased, some of these displayed china tea- 
sets and pieces of solid silver. 

According to Lossing : " Clocks and watches were almost un- 
known, and time was measured by sun-dials and hour-glasses. 
The habits of the people were so regular that they did not need 
clocks and watches. At nine o'clock they all said their prayers and 
went to bed. They arose at cock-crowing, and breakfasted before 
sunrise. Dinner-parties were unknown, but tea-parties were fre- 
quent. These ended, the participants went home in time to attend 
to the milking of the cows. In every house were spinning-wheels, 
and it was the pride of every family to have an ample supply of 
home-made linen and woolen cloth. The women spun and wove 
and were steadily employed. Nobody was idle. Nobody was 
anxious to get rich while all practised thrift and frugality. Books 
were. rare luxuries, and in most houses the Bible and prayer-book 
constituted the stock of literature. The weekly discourses of the 
clergyman satisfied their intellectual wants, while their own hands, 
industriously employed, furnished all their physical necessities. 
Knitting and spinning held the place of whist and music in these 
"degenerate days," and utility was as plainly stamped upon all 
their labors and pleasures as is the maker's name on our silver 
spoons. These were the "good old days" of simplicity, compar- 
ative innocence, and positive ignorance, when the "commonalty" 
no more suspected the earth of the caper of turning over like a ball 
of yarn every day than Stuy vesant did the Puritans of candor and 
honesty. " 

Most of the streets were paved to the width of ten feet from the 
fronts of the houses, the middle space containing public wells, and 
being left without pavement for the more easy absorption of 
water. Brick pathways, called " strookes, " were laid in place of 



258 GREATER NEW YORK. 

sidewalks. Public markets were quite numerous, the supply hav- 
ing been received from the fertile section of country on the north- 
ern portion of the Island, where the farmers located a village 
called New Harlem. The road i'^ this settlement was little more 
than an Indian trail leading through the woods, and became im- 
passable in many seasons. 

As to the character of these founders of the city of New York, 
they were deliberate, but determined. ]\Iuch time was spent in 
examining every project before it was ventured upon, but when 
once undertaken it was carried out with a spirit of force and per- 
sistence to which later generations are deeply indebted. 

With regard to the people of Holland, Mrs. Martha Lamb, in 
her "History of New York," asserts : "In no country were the 
domestic and social ties of life discliarged with greater preci- 
sion. It matters not that chroniclers have made^ the Dutch subjects 
of unmerited depreciation. It has been stated that they were char- 
acterized only by slowness ; and that the land was barren of inven- 
tion, progress or ideas. The seeds of error and prejudice thus 
sown bear little fruit after the reading of a few chapters of genu- 
ine contemporary personal description. As a rule, the Hollanders 
were not inclined to take the initiative in trade or politics, and 
were distinguished for solidity rather than brilliancy ; but it is ab- 
surd to say they were unequal to the origination of any new thing. 
AYe find among them many of the most illustrious men of modern 
Europe — politicians, warriors, scholars, artists and divines. Wealth 
Avas widely diffused ; learning was held in high respect ; and elo- 
quence, courage and public spirit were characteristic of the race. 
For nearly a century after the Dutch Republic took its place 
among independent nations, it swayed the balance of European 
politics ; and the acumen and culture of the leading statesmen 
elicited universal deference and admiration. For an index to the 
private life of the upper classes, we need to take a peep into the 
richly-furnished apartments of their stately mansions, or walk 
through their summer-houses and choice conservatories and famous 
picture galleries. As for the peasantry, they were neat to a fault, 
and industrious as well as frugal." 

It will not be amiss in this connection to quote from the his- 
torian, Broadhead, who says about the women of Holland : " The 



GREATER NEW YORK. 259 

purity of morals and decorum of manners, for which the Dutch 
have ever been conspicuous, may be most justly ascribed to the 
liappy influence of their women, who mingled in all the active af- 
fairs of life, and were consulted with deferential respect. They 
loved their homes and their firesides, but they loved their country 
more. Through all their toils and struggles, the calm forti- 
tude of the men of Holland was nobly encouraged and sustained 
by the earnest and undaunted spirit of their mothers and wives. 
And the empire which the female sex obtained was no greater than 
that which their beauty, good sense, virtue and devotion entitled 
them to hold." 

FROM 1664 TO 1776. 

The advent of the British brought about many beneficial 
changes in the social life of the Island. Not only were English 
habits incorporated into the less ambitious character of tlie Dutch 
inhabitants, but the settlement of many Huguenot families of dis- 
tinction aided materially to produce an atmosphere of culture. Ir- 
repressible social, political and religious forces were sweeping over 
the great nations of Europe, and imbuing the immigrants who 
sought our shores with a spirit which was to work out undreamed- 
of results. Founded upon Dutch stubbornness, integrity and 
practicality— supplemented by English inflexibility, sagacity and 
commercial prosperity, and adorned by French refinement and 
vivacity— it is no wonder that later generations arose to promi- 
nence, acquired the independence of character that could success- 
fully resist oppression, and developed the ability to aid in founding 
and maintaining a new and marvelously prosperous nation. 

As early as 1668 a social club, composed of the best Dutch, 
English and French families, was established. Meetings were 
held twice every week at the different houses, the members coming 
together about 6, and separating at 9 o'clock in the evening. The 
English governors and their suites held elaborate court, observing 
on all occasions the strictest etiquette sanctioned by foreign custom. 
Chroniclers love to dwell on this period of colonial history, in 
which the grand dames and lordly gentlemen appear in bold relief, 
not only because they were so few, but also for the reason that 
they were of the brightest and best that the earth afforded. 



260 OREATER KEW YORK. 

Quite a number of these personages brought with them consid- 
erable wealth, so that their residences became somewhat palatial, 
and adorned with furniture and works of art imported from 
Europe. Silver and gold plate, elaborate table service and profuse 
entertainment made New York hospitality famous even in 
European circles. Many families retired to country homes, where 
they lived in quiet but elegant simplicity, cultivating their farms, 
and entertaining with delightful courtesy their visitors from the 
city or from European countries. 

The manners and customs of the less favored class of citizens 
were marked by industry, sobriety and economy. At their festi- 
vals children and negroes were permitted the enjoyment of unre- 
strained mirth. Sunday gowns were removed as soon as their own- 
ers returned from church, and consequently were kept in a state of 
preservation which made it possible to hand tliem down as heir- 
looms. Cocked hats were treated with the same deferential regard. 
To illustrate the extreme simplicity of habit which prevailed 
among the people of this generation, it is only necessary to add 
that the Rev. Dr. Laidlie preached "right lustily against the lux- 
urious abominations of suppers of chocolate and bread that kept 
the families till 9 o'clock at night." This same preacher was the 
first divine who introduced the "outlandish practice of deliver- 
ing his sermon in English." 

The laws at this period were few, but rigorously enforced. A 
ride on a great wooden horse was the most common punishment. 
Every man pleaded his own cause, or, what was more common, 
said little and let it take its own course. The only long speech on 
record is that of a certain pettifogger, who, in pleading for the 
right of geese to swim in the pond at the head of " Nieuw " Street, 
did "incontinently cause his client to be non-suited, by tiring Ids 
worship's patience to such a degree that he fell into a deep sleep 
and slept out the remainder of the term." 

The customs and dress of the period immediately preceding the 
Revolution are best described by Mrs. Lamb, as follows: "Show 
and glitter marked the distinctions in society. Dress was one of 
the signs and symbols of a gentleman ; classical lore and ruffled 
shirts were inseparable. It was the habit of the community to take 
off its hat to the gentry; and there was no mistaking them where- 



OitBAfER NEW TORE. 261 

ever they moved. Servants were always in livery, which in many 
instances was gorgeous in the extreme. Gentlemen appeared in 
the streets in velvet or satin coats, with white embroidered vests 
of rare beauty, small clothes and gorgeously resplendent buckles, 
and their heads crowned witli powdered wigs and cocked hats. A 
lady's toilet w\as equally astounding; the court hoop was in vogue, 
brocaded silks of brilliant colors, and a- mountain of powdered 
hair surmounted with flowers or feathers. Although it is a fact 
worthy of remembrance that servants were servants in those days, 
and never assumed to copy or excel their mistresses in the style 
and costliness of their attire, the democratic hammer already sus- 
pended over the doomed city was to subdue the taste and change 
the whole aspect of the empire of fashion." 

At the time of the war, " Washington's guard wore blue coats 
faced with buff, red waistcoats, buckskin breeches, black felt hats 
bound with white tape, and bayonet and body belts of white. 
Hunting shirts — * the martial aversion of the red-coat ' — with 
breeches of same; with cloth gaiter- fashion about the legs, were 
seen on every side, and being convenient garments for a campaign- 
ing country, were soon adopted by the British themselves. This 
was the origin of the modern trouser or pantaloon." 

FROM 1783 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 

After the evacuation of the British and the restoration of peace, 
the city occupied itself incessantly with the work of reconstruction. 
During the residence of the chief executive the same punctilious 
ceremony was observed that had marked the English occupancy. 
The staid Knickerbocker element also dominated sufficiently to 
hold in check many tendencies that grew with marvelous rapidity 
under the stimulus of newly acquired independence and the fric- 
tion of a cosmopolitan life. 

There is little to relate of special mannerism from this time. The 
increase of population differentiated social life into circles, each of 
which preserved its special code, and this tendency has of course 
increased until the present time, when innumerable cliques separ- 
ate society, or draw together those whose temperaments and ocoa- 
pations make the-m congenial to each other. 



262 



GREATER NEW TORE. 



The commercial development of the metropolis during the pre- 
sent century is a subject upon which volumes might be written and 
the half not told ; indeed, the history of this period contains little 
else, although educational institutions have kept pace with the 
phenomenal prosperty. Efforts to encourage scholarship have 
been many and well founded; the patronage of art has been liberal, 
has advanced steadily, and tends permanently to elevate the 
public taste. 




DUTCH DWELLINGS IN NEW AMSTERDAM. 



THE GREATER NEW YORK. 

The Greater New York includes the County of Kings, the 
County of Riclimond (Staten Island), Long Island City, the towns 
of Newtown, Flushing and Jamaica, and that part of the town of 
Hempstead in the County of Queens which is westerly of a straight 
line drawn from the southeasterly point of the town of Flushing 
through the middle of the channel between Rockaway Beach and 
Shelter Island in the County of Queens to the Atlantic Ocean, as 
well as old New York which had been enlarged in 1873 by the 
addition of Morrisania, West Farms and Kings Bridge, and in 

1895 by the annexation of West Chester, East Chester, Pelham and 
City Island, all parts of Westchester County. The population of 
Greater New York is about 3,400,000. This is larger than that of 
any other city in the world except London which has 5,600,000. 
Paris which ranks third has 2,400,000. The water front of Greater 
New York is 353 miles, most of it within New York Harbor. No 
large city on earth has anything like the facilities for accommo- 
dating commerce that this water front affords. Tlie assessed val- 
uation of the real estate in the consolidated city is about $3,153,- 
000,000 (assessed at sixty- three per cent.), and its bonded debt ap- 
proximately 1220,000,000. 

Andrew H, Green, who was the President of the Municipal Con- 
solidation Inquiry Commission created by the Legislature in 1890, 
has often been called the Father of the Greater New York. The 
bill submitting the matter to public ballot in the section affected 
was signed by the Governor in 1894, and the vote was taken in 
November of that year. The result was favorable to the project, 
save in West Chester, the City of JSEount Vernon, and the town of 
Flushing, No action was taken by the Legislature of 1895, but in 

1896 the law makers, after having the subject further investigated 
by a joint committee, passed a statute declaring the territory con- 
solidated, but leaving municipal governments as they were till a 

263 



264 GREATER NEW YORK. 

charter commission shonkl have framed and the Legislature should 
have enacted, a charter for the whole territory. This law pre- 
vailed over the veto of the Mayor of New York, and the veto of 
the Mayor of Brooklyn. Seth Low, Benj. F. Tracy, John F. 
Dillon, Thomas F. Gilroy, Stewart L. Woodford, Silas B. Dutcher, 
William C.DeWitt, George M.Piuney, Jr., and Garrett J. Garretsou 
were appointed commissioners hy Gov. Morton. Their colleagues, 
named in the bill, were Andrew IL Green, State Engineer Camp- 
bell W. Adams, Attorney-General Theodore E. Hancock, Mayor 
William L. Strong of New York, Mayor Frederick W. Wurster 
of Brooklyn, and Mayor Patrick J. Gleason of Long Island City. 
These fifteen men framed the charter which was adopted by the 
Legislature, with some important changes. The charter was vetoed 
by Mayor Strong, but was signed by Mayor Wurster and Mayor 
Gleason. It was repassed over Strong's veto, and became a law by 
the signature of Governor Black. 

The law makes the City of New York the successor corporation 
of all municipal and public corporations within the territory named 
above, inheriting all their debts and obligations, all their funds, 
and all their public buildings. An exception is made of the court- 
house and county buildings of Queens County, because all of 
Queens is not annexed to New York, although these buildings are 
in the section that is annexed. 

For governmental purposes Greater New York is subdivided 
into boroughs as follows : 

The Borough of Manhattan. — All that portion of the city 
known as Manhattan Island, Nuttin or Governor's Island, Bedloe's 
Island, Bucking or Ellis Island, the Oyster Islands, and Black- 
well's, Randall's, and AVard's islands in the East or Harlem rivers. 

The Borough of the Bronx. — All that portion of the city ly- 
ing northerly or easterly of the Borough of Manhattan, between 
the Hudson River and the East River or Long Island Sound, in- 
cluding the several islands belonging to the old city of New York. 

The Borough of Brooklyn.— All the territory in the city of 
Brooklyn before consolidation (all Kings County). 

The Borough of Richmond. — Staten Island. 

The Borough op Queens. — All the territory of Queens County 
included in the Greater New York, as above outlined. 



GREATER NEW YORK. 265 

The Mayor of the City is elected in 1897, and every four years 
thereafter, and is removable by the Governor of the State after a 
hearing. He has a qualified veto on all acts of what is known as 
the Municipal Assembly, and appoints all heads of Departments. 
These Heads of Departments he may remove at will durini!^ the 
first six months of his term, but after that only with the written 
approval of the Governor of the State, and after a hearing. The 
Mayor gets a salary of $15,000 a year. He is ineligible for a sec- 
ond term. In the system adopted his position corresponds to that 
of the President of the United States. The Municipal Assembly 
has two branches corresponding to the Senate and House in the 
Federal System. Tiie Council is made up of twenty-nine members. 
One of these is the president. He is elected on a general ticket 
by voters of the whole city. The others are sent by districts out- 
lined in the law. There are ten of these, and each elects three 
Councilmen, with two exceptions, the district made up of the Bor- 
ough of Queens, and tlie district made up of the Borough of Rich- 
mond. These have two representatives each. The Councilmen 
get $1,500 a year salary each. The president gets |5,000. The 
Council corresponds to the United States Senate. Every ex-mayor 
of New York is entitled to a seat in the Council, but not to a vote. 
The President is Vice-Mayor. The Board of Aldermen elected 
in 1897, and every two years thereafter, corresponds to the House 
of Representatives. It has one member from each Assembly Dis- 
trict, and each member draws a salary of $1,000 a year. This 
Board elects its own presiding officer. 

All ordinances or resolutions to become effective must be passed 
by a majority vote of each, house. In acts effecting the expendi- 
ture of money, the creation of debt, the laying of an assessment, 
or the grant of a franchise, the vote must be three-fourths of each 
house. If the Ma3"or disapproves of any act, it may be passed over 
his veto. In tiie matters above specified a repassage demands 
five-sixths of all votes in each house. All other measures may be 
repassed by two-thirds, as under the Constitution of the United 
States. 

It is perhaps hardly necessary to outline here the jiowers granted 
to the Municipal Assembly, since these powers fixed by one Leg- 
islature may be changed or revoked by any future Legislature." It 



266 GREATER NEW YORK. 

is enough to say on tliis point that the purpose of tlie law is to 
leave a large degree of self-government to the people of the great 
city. 

The Administrative Departments under the Mayor, as before ex- 
plained, are as follows : 

Department of Finance. 

Law Department. 

Police Department. 

The Board of Public Improvements, with the Department of 
Water Supply. Department of Highways, Department of Street 
Cleaning, Department of Sewers, Department of Public Buildings, 
Lighting and Supplies, and Department of Bridges, represented 
therein. 

Department of Parks. 

Department of Buildings. 

Department of Public Charities. 

Department of Correction. 

Fire Department. 

Department of Docks and Ferries. 

Department of Taxes and Assessments. 

Department of Education. 

Department of Health. 

The single exception to the Mayor's power of appointment and 
removal is the Comptroller, the head of the Department of Finance, 
who is elected by the people of the whole city for four years and 
receives $10,000 per year. The Corporation Counsel is the head 
of the Law Department ; his salary is $15,000 a year. There are 
four Police Commissioners. " No more than two of said commis- 
sioners shall, when either of them is appointed, belong to the same 
political party, or be of the same political opinion on State and 
National politics." The salary of each Commissioner is $5,000 per 
year. The Police forces of all the municipal corporations of the 
territory consolidated, are incorporated into the New York force. 
The Police Board is made bi-partisan, because it has control of all 
the detail management of elections. The Board of Public Improve- 
ments consists of the President (appointed by the Maj^or, salary 
$8,000) the Mayor, the Corporation Counsel, the Comptroller, the 
Commissioner of Water Supply (salary $7,500), the Commissioner 



GREATER NEW YORK. 267 

of Highways (salary $7,500), the Commissiouer of Street Cleaning 
(salary $7,500), the^ Commissiouer of Sewers (salary $7,500), the 
Commissioner of Public Buildings, Lighting and Supplies (salary 
$7,500), the Commissioner of Bridges (salary $7,500, having entire 
control of the Brooklyn Bridge), and the Presidents of the several 
Boroughs, by virture of their respective offices. The Mayor, the 
Corporation Counsel, the Comptroller, and the Presidents of the 
several boroughs are not to be counted as members of the Board 
for the purpose of ascertaining if a quorum be present. No Presi- 
dent of a Borough has a vote in the Board except upon matters re- 
lating exclusively to the Borough of which he is President. 

Three Commissioners, at a salary of $5,000 per year each, con- 
trol the Park Department. The Buildings Board, also has three 
members, one supervising the Boroughs of Manhattan and the 
Bronx, another the Borough of Brooklyn, and a third the Boroughs 
of Queens and Richmond. The first two get $7,000 a year each ; 
the last, $3,500. The Board of Public Charities has three mem- 
bers, one for Manhattan and the Bronx (salary $7,500), one for 
Brooklyn and Queens (salary $7,500), and one for Richmond (salary 
$2,500). The Department of Correction is single-headed, and the 
Commissioner's salary is $7,500 a year. The Fire Department is 
also single-headed. The salary of the Commissioner is $7,500 per 
year. The fire forces of all departments existing in the consoli- 
dated territory before consolidation are incorporated into the New 
York Force. The Department of Docks and Ferries has three 
Commissioners. Its President has a salary of $6,000 a year, the 
other members $5,000. The Department of Taxes and Assess- 
ments has a board of five Commissioners. Its President has a sal- 
ary of $8,000 per year ; its other members get $7,000 each. 

The Department of Education has a mixed organization. The 
Boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx together have a school 
Board of twenty-one members ; the Borough of Brooklyn has one 
of forty-five members, the Borough of Queens has one of nine mem- 
bers, and the Borough of Richmond has one of nine members. 
These all serve without compensation as do the members of the 
general "Board of Education," nineteen in number; ten elected by 
the Manhattan-Bronx Borough Board ; five elected by the Brooklyn 
Borough Board ; and the four Presidents of the Borough Boards 



268 GREATER NEW YORK. 

as above outlined. There is a general Superintendent elected by 
the Board of Education, and Borough Superintendents elected by 
the Borough Boards. A Board of Examiners grants all teachers' 
certificates and furnishes an eligible list to the Borough Boards 
which select teachers from that list on the recommendation of the 
Borough superintendents. The Department of Health has a Con- 
trolling Board, consisting of the President of the Board of Police, 
the Health Officer of the Port, and three officers called Commis- 
sioners of Health, appointed by the Mayor. The President of this 
Board gets $7,500 per year, and the other members $6,000 each. 

There is a Civil Service Commission of three or more members 
to be appointed by the Mayor and to serve without salaries. A 
Bureau of Municipal Statistics is provided for with a chief to re- 
ceive a salary of $3,500 per year. A City Chamberlain serves for 
four years at a salary of $12,000 per annum, and has to give bonds 
for $300,000. The Sinking Fund Commission consists of the 
Mayor, the Comptroller, the Chamberlain, the President of the 
Council, and the Chairman of the Finance Committee of the Board 
of Alderman. The Board of Estimate and Apportionment, which 
fixes the annual tax budget, is made up of the Mayor, the Corpora- 
tion Council, the Comptroller, the President of the Council, and 
the President of the Department of Taxes and Assessments. 

The charter completely reorganizes the local courts of inferior 
jurisdiction. Seven additional justices are to be appointed by the 
Mayor. The document as a whole is regarded as a work reflecting 
credit upom its framers. It is experimental in some of its features, 
particularly in adopting the bicameral system for a municipal legis- 
lature. 

[THE END.] 



INDEX 



PAGE. 

Ae-ademv of Desi<:cn 111-113 

Ac-iuU'mv of Music 98, 195 

" After the Hunt '' (Harnett) ... 73 

Alilrich Court 29 

All Souls' Episcopal Church 137 

All Souls' Unitarian Church.... 128 

Altnian's 108 

American Art As.sociation 114 

American Bible Society 92 

American Institute Hall 138 

American Occupation 14 

American Theatre . . 125 

American Tract Society Build- 
ing 59 

American Yacht Club Hou.se... 150 

Amsterdam Fort 11 

Appleton & Co 107 

Apthorpe Mansion (Demolished^ 

164, 169 

Aquarium 18 

Archbishop's Palace 136 

Ariiiv Building (U.S.) 21 

Ani(')ld (Benedict) 28 

Arnold. Constable & Co 121 

Asbury M. E. Church 69 

" Ascension of Christ " (La 

Farge) 157 

Assay Ollice 37 

Aslor Building 36 

Astor Library 8:3, 85, 152 

Astor Place Opera House 87 

Astor Residences 143, 153 

Astoria Hotel . . 156 

Atlantic Basin 229 

Atlantic Cable (Demonstration) 152 

Audubon's Home 168 

Audubon Park 168 

Avery Art Gallery 123 

Baker, Taylor & Co 107 

Bank of Commerce 47 

Baptist Home 138 

Bar-e ( )mce 19, 36, 202, 206, 207 

Barnard College 135 

Barnunrs Ann Street Museum. . 51 

Barnum's Hippodrome 116 

Bartholdi, or Liberty Statue.. . . 202 

Battery 202 

Battery Ferries 19 



PAGE. 

Battery Functions 12, 21 

Battle Pass (Scene of Battle of 

Long Island) 231 

Bay Shore Drive 232 

Bedloe's Island 202 

Beecher's Church 226 

Beecher's Statue 228 

Beekman Mansion (where Na- 
than Hale was Tried) 136 

Beethoven Bust 231 

Bell (Gift of Col. Abr. De Pev- 

ster) " . 43 

Belmont Mansion 1.57 

Belvedere (Central Park) 190 

Bellevue Hospital 110, 218 

Berkeley Lyceum 151 

Beth-El'Temple 139 

Bethesda Fountain (Central 

Park) 184 

Bible House 91 

Bible Society 86 

BlackwelFs Island 219 

Block Hou.ses 11, 193 

Blodgett Collection (Metropoli- 
tan Museum) ... 198 

Bloomingdale Insane Asylum.. 

165, 193 

B'nai Jeshuron Temple 137 

Board of Education Building 64 

Bolivar Statue (Equestrian) 191 

Bonds (First Issue by New Am- 
sterdam ) 216 

Booth's Old Theatre 121 

Boreel Building 41 

Botanical Gardens 175 

Bowery 81 

Bowery (Origin of Name) 82 

Bowery Branch Y. M. C. A 82 

Bowery Theatre (Thalia) 82 

Bowling Green 12, 21, 23 

Bowling Green Building 21 

Brick Church 59,154 

Bridewell 57 

Brighton Beach 234 

British Breastworks 192 

British Landing Place (1776) .... 219 

British Occupation 14 

British Prison House 43 

Brentano's 105 



270 



INDEX. 



PAGE 

Bridge (N. Y. C. R. R.) 171 

Broadway 63 

Broadway (Union Square to 

Twenty-tliird Street) 107 

Broadway Tabernacle 123 

Brooklyn 225 

Brooklyn Bridge Gl, 217, 225 

Brooklyn Institute 232 

Bronx Park 175 

Bryant Park 152 

'•Bucking Island" (Ellis Island) 206 

Barns' Coffee House 41 

Burns' Statue (Robert Burns). . 183 

Burr's Old Residence 66 

Burr's Marriage 168 

Butterick Pattern House 102 

Cab and Coach Hire 162 

Canal Street (Origin oi" Name).. 64 

Carnegie Music Hall 126 

Casino 124, 125 

Casino (Central Park) 186 

Castle Garden 16, 18 

Castle William (Fort) 210, 211 

Cathedral (St. John the Divine) 165 

Cathedral (St. Patrick's) 147 

Catholic Orphan Asylum... 136, 147 
Central National Bank Building 64 

Central Park 180 

Central Park (Cost) ISO 

Central Park (Fund) 181 

Central Park (Area) 182 

Central Park (Main Entrance). . 182 

Central Police Station 66 

Century Club House 151 

Chamber of Commerce 21 

Chapin Home 138 

Charter Synopsis 263-268 

Chatham Square 75, 76 

Cherry Street (Old Mansion).. . . 60 

Chickering Hall 157 

Children's Shelter 183 

Cholera Scourge 57 

'■ Choosmg the Bride " (Paint- 
ing) 107 

Chronological Sketch 2:35-254 

Ciiurch Mission House Ill 

Cnurch of the Ascension 157 

Cnurch of the Diyine Paternity 1.50 
Church of the Heavenly Rest.'. 150 

Church of the Messiah KiO 

Circle (Central Park) 162 

City Departments 263-268 

City Hall, Brooklyn 228, 229 

City Hall, No. 2 38 

CitV Hall, No. 3 (Present Struc- 
ture) 38 

City Hall Park M 

City Hos|>ital (1775) 56 

City Island 223 

(JIaremont 176 

e'laremont Heights 176 



PAGE. 

Clearing-House 44 

Clinton (De Witt) 16, 75, 87 

Clinton Hall 87 

Coal and Iron Exchange 48 

Cob Dock 227 

Coenties Slip (Jeannette Park). 216 

Corlears Hook 217 

Coif ee Exchange 40 

Collect Pond 79 

College of Social Economics. .99, 101 
College of the City of New York 110 
Collegiate Church Corporation. ;30 
Collegiate Dutch Reformed So- 
ciety 148, 156 

Columbia College 54, 87 

Columbia Restaurant 106 

Columbia University (History) 

113, 133, lai 
Columbia University Medical 

Department 1;J5 

Columbus Monument 201 

"Commercial Advertiser" Build- 
ing 59 

Commercial Cable Building. 40 

Commissioners of Charities 

Building 81,222 

Conkling Statue 118 

Consolidated Stock and Petro- 
leum Exchange 29 

Cooper Residence 110 

Cooper Union (Location). ...... 88 

Cooper Union Library, etc. ... 89 

Cooper Union Art and Technical 

Schools 91 

Cooper Union Assembly Rooms. 91 

Contoit's Garden 64 

Coney Island 231-234 

Constable Building. 107 

Cotton Exchange 26 

Court House 56 

Court House (Brooklyn) 228, 229 

Cortlandt Street Ferry 212 

Cox Stat ue (S. S. Cox) 88 

Crystal Palace 152 

Custom House 30 

Cycle Path (Brooklyn) 231 

Dairy Kitchen 106 

Dakota Flats 163 

Daly's Theatre V2A 

Daniell's Store 67 

David's Island 223 

Deaf Mutes' Asylum 138 

Decker Building 105 

Delmonico's 119, 157 

Delmonico's (Down Town) 211 

Democratic C;iub House 148 

Depew's Home 147 

Di Cesnola Collection (Metro- 
politan Museum) 199 

Dodd, Mead & Co 107 

Dodge Statue (Wm E. Dodge). . 124 



INDEX. 



271 



PAGE. 

Dicxel Bulldinpr 80 

Dry Goods and Dept. Stores 67 

Dunn (Farmer Dunn) 30 

Dutch Occupation 11 

Dutlon's 114 

" Eaj,'le " Building (Brooklyn). . . 229 

Eden Musee 122 

Ehrich Bros 103 

Ellis Island 18,206 

Equitable Building 42 

Erics.son Statue 21 

Erie Basin (Brooklyn) 229 

Erie Canal Opening 16 

Ethical Culture Society 126 

" Evening Post '' Building 49 

Farragut Monument 118 

Federal Building (Brooklyn). . . . 229 
Fifth Avenue, Tenth Street to 

Twenty-third Street 107 

Fifth Avenue Hotel 119 

Fifth Avenue Theatre 123 

Fifth Avenue 140 

Fifth Ave. Presbyterian Church 145 

Fire Headquarters 138 

First Presbyterian Church 157 

Five Points 76 

Five Points (House of Industry) 77 
Five Points Mission (Paradise 

Park) 79 

Fort Clinton (Castle Garden). . . 15 

Fort Columbus 210 

Fort Fish (Revolution) 193 

Fort Gibson 206 

Fort Hamilton 213 

Fort Lafayette 213 

Fort Wadsworth 213 

Fort Washington (Revolution).. 194 

Fort Wood 204 

Fourth Ave. — University Square 

to Thirty-second Street 128 

Flood Rock 221 

Flower Mission 128 

Flv Market (Origin of Name) ... 216 
Forrest Macready Riot (1849) ... 87 

Foundling Asylum 138 

Fraunces' Tavern 21 

Franklin Square 60, 61 

Franklin Statue • 60 

Franklin Station ("Staats Zei- 

tuiig" Building) 73 

Freundschaft Club House . . .139 
Friends' Meeting House Semin- 
ary 96 

Fulton, Robert, Ferry-boat 212 

Fulton Market 49 

Fulton River Steamboat 215 

Garibaldi Statue 69 

General History 252-262 

Geri-y Mansion 143 



PAGE. 

Gillenden Building. . . . . , 41 

Gilmore's Garden 116 

Glen Island 223 

Glen Island Trip 212 

Globe Mutual Life Building 64 

Goelet House 121 

Golden Hill (Early History) 49 

Gould Residence 150 

Governor's Island 209 

Governor's Room 56 

Grace Church 70 

Grace Memorial Home 72 

Gramercy Park 109 

Grand Central Station 130 

Grand Street 82 

Grange (Alexander Hamilton).. 166 
Grant Monument (Description). 178 
Grant Monument (Corner Stone 

Laying) 178 

Grant Monument (Dedication).. 178 

Grant Statue 232 

Grant Tomb 176 

Grant to the Duke of York 12 

Greater New York 263-268 

Greeley Statue 59 

Greenwood Cemetery 230 

Gubernatorial Mansion 14 

Guernsey Building 42 

Gutenberg Statue (" Staats Zei- 

tung " Building) 73 

Hahnemann Hospital 138 

Hamilton Monument (Central 

Park) 194 

Hamilton Tomb 34 

Hamilton Trees 166 

Hale Statue (Nathan) 55 

Hall of Records (Brooklvn). .228, 229 
Halleck Statue (Fitz Greene). . . 184 

Harlem Heights 192 

Harlem Ship Canal 172 

Harlem Speedway 173 

Harper's Publishing House. .. . 60 

Harper Residence 150 

Hart's Island 223 

Havemeyer Building 66 

Hebrew Orphan Asylum 166 

Hearn's Store 102 

Hell Gate 220 

" Herald " Building 51, 124 

High Bridge 173-175 

Holland Church 156 

Holland House 156 

Hotel Brunswick 157 

Hotel Majestic 179 

Hotel Savoy 143 

Hoffman House 122 

Hoffman House Art Gallery.. . . 123 

Home Life Building 63 

House of Refuge 222 

Humboldt Statue 182 

Huntington Mansion 145 

Huyler's 121 



272 



INDEX. 



PAGE. 

'■ Iticlenburf; '■ 130 

'•■Indian HiMiter " (Statue) 183 

Indians Massacred (Cause of 

Revolt of Eleven Tribes) 218 

Tinnii^rant Landm^ 206 

Immigrants (Castle Garden and 

Ellis Island) 18 

Immi^^ration Statistics 209 

Iron Pier (Coney Island) 234 

Iron Steamship Line 234 

Irving- Bust (Prospect Park) 231 

Irving'f^ Home 23 

Irving Place 97 

Irving Statue 152 

Irvmg Place Theatre 97 

Jeannette Park (Coenties Slip). 216 

Jefferson Market 69 

Johnson Building 40 

Jo.ss House (Mott Street) 81 

- Journal " (The N. Y.) 59 

Judsoii Memorial 158 

Jumel Mansion 168 

Jumel Vault (Madam Jumel). . . 168 

Kenned V House 28 

Keppels (Art Gallery) 123 

King's Farm 32 

Kip's Bay 218 

Kip's Bay Retreat (Revolution). 132 

Knickerbocker Club House 156 

Knickerbocker Inn 23 

Knoedler (Art Gallery) 123 

Knowlton's Death ((3ol. Knowl- 
ton, Revolution) 168 

Lafayette Place 8:3 

Lafayette Statue 102 

Lake (Central Park) 186 

Leake and Watt's Orphan Asy- 
lum 165 

LeBoutillier's 114 

Lenox Library 140 

Lenox Lyceum 137 

Lexington Avenue 110 

Liberty Island 202 

Liberty Statue 202 

Life Building 156 

Lincoln Statues 101,231 

Lind (Jenny Lind's Debut) 18 

" Little Church Around the 

Corner " 157 

Little Hell Gate 223 

Long Island City 219 

Longmans, Green & Co 107 

Lord's Court 40 

Lord & Taylor 121 

Lotos Club House 150 

Lyceum Theat re 129 

Macmillan & Co 107 

Macy's Store 102 



PAGE. 

Madison Avenue 132 

Madison Square Theatre. 122 

Madison Square 114 

Madi-son Square Garden 116 

Madison Square Presbyterian 

Church 115 

'■ Mail and Express " Buildmg . 59 

Mall (The) 41 

Mall (Central Park) 183 

Manhattan Club House 156 

Manhattan Athletic Club House 

1:33, 134 

Manhattan Beach Hotel 234 

Manhattan Island Purchased 

11. 12 

Manhattan Life Building 29, 30 

Manhattan State Lunatic Asy- 
lum 221 

Manhattan (The) 132 

Marine Hospital 227 

Margaret Louisa Home 104 

Masonic Temple 121 

Mat je Davit's Fly (Harlem Mea- 
dows) 176 

Mazzini Statue 201 

McComb's Dam Bridge 175 

McComb Mansion 20 

McGowan's Pass Tavern 

187, 191, 192 

McCreery's Store 67, 114 

Mercantile Library 86 

Metropolitan Club Hou.se 143 

Metropolitan Hotel 66 

Metropolitan Museum of Art. 187, 195 

Metropolitan Life Building 115 

Metropolitan Opera Hou.se 125 

Middle Dutch Church 42, 54 

Military Headquarters, U. S. . . . 210 

Military Museum 210 

Militarv Service Institution 210 

Mills Building 36 

Mills Mansion 147 

Model Tenement Houses 60 

Mohawk Building 107 

Moore Bu.st (Prospect Park) 231 

Moore's Stat ue 182 

Morningside Avenue 164 

Morningside Park 164, 194 

Morris House (Jumel Mansion). 168 

Mor.se Building 57 

Morse Publishing Company 107 

Mor.se (S. F. B.) Statue 201 

Mor.se (S. F. B.) Home 157 

Morse's Work 38, 159 

Morton House 72 

3?r)tt Street (Chinese Colony).. . 81 

Mt. Morris Park 194 

Mt. St. Vincent 191 

Mt. Sinai Hospital 137 

Municipal Building ( Brooklyn) 

228 229 
Murray Hill ~ . .' 129 



INDEX. 



273 



PAGE. 

Museum of Natural History. 187, 188 

Mut ual Life Building- 43 

Mut ual Reserve Fund Life Build- 
ing 64 

Narrows 213 

Nassau Street 47 

Naval Cemetery 227 

Navarro Flats 127 

Navy Yard 227 

New Netherlands Hotel 143 

News Boj's' Lodging House 75 

" News "Building 59 

New York Historical Society'. . . 93 

New York Hospital 103 

New York Life Building 64 

New York Public Library ( Astor, 
Lenox and Tilden Founda- 
tions) 85. 140,152 

New York University 159 

Non-Importation Agreement... 41 

Normal College 138 

Nut, or Nutten Island (Govern- 
or's Island) 209 

Obelisk (Cleopatra's Needle), 

(Central Park) 195 

Ocean Boulevard (Brooklyn) 231 

Oriental Hotel (Coney Island) . . 234 

O'Neiirs 103 

Opera in Castle Garden 18 

Parade of 1788 25 

Paradise Park 79 

Park Avenue 130 

Park Avenue Hotel 130 

Park Theatre 60 

Park Theatre (Brooklvn) 229 

Parkhurst House (Dr.') 115 

Park Row (Printing House 

Square) 57, 75 

Payne (John Howard) Bust 231 

Peiham Bay Park 223 

Phaetons (Central Park) 187 

Pierjjont Mansion 157 

'• Pilgrims " (Statue) 200 

Plavers' Club House 109 

Plaza Hotel 143 

Police Organization 66 

Pomerov Hotel 201 

Postal Telegraph Building- 63 

Post Office 52 

Post Office Transactions 52 

Potter Building 57, 59 

Potter's Field 07,223 

Presbyterian Building 107 

Presbyterian Hospital 139 

" Press " Office 57 

Produce Exchange 26 

Progress Club 143 

ProsiHTt Park 230 

Provost (The) British Jail 56 



PAGE. 

Public Charities 81 

Public Schools (first organiza- 
tion) 75 

Pulitzer Building 59 

Putnam's Retreat 192 

Putnam Son's Publishing Co 114 

Quarantine Station 213 

"•Quarrel" ("The Quarrel," 
Meissonier's Painting) 73 

Railroad Branch Y. M. C. A 133 

Randall's Island 222 

Ramble (Central Park) 186 

Receiving Reservoir (Croton, 

Central Park) 190 

Receiving Ship " Vermont " 227 

Reform Club House 157 

Reichard's (Art Gallery) 123 

Republican Club House 153 

Reservoir 151 

Rialto 102 

Richmond Hill 66 

Riverside Drive 176 

Riverside Park 175 

Rogue's Gallery 66 

Rose Hill Farm (Gen. Gates' 

Home) 129 

Robin's Reef liighthouse 212 

Rothschild's 103 

" Russian Wedding Feast " (Ma- 

koffsky's Painting) .48, 109 

Sacred Heart Convent 166 

Salvation Army Heaxlquarters. 103 

Savarin Cafe 45 

Schaus's 123 

Schiller's Bust 187 

Scott Statue (Walter) 183 

Scribner's Publishing Co 107 

Second .Wciuie 93 

Seventh Regiment (1861) 86- 

Seventh Regiment Armory 137 

Seventh Regiment Monument. . 201 

Seward's Statue 118 

Shakespeare's Statue 183 

Sheltering- Arms Institution 165 

Sherman Residence 178 

Shopping Centre 102 

Siegel Cooper Company 103 

Signal Service Station . 30 

Simpson, Crawford & Simpson. . 103 

Sixteenth Street 97 

Sixty-ninth Regiment Armory. . 91 

Sloane Maternitv Hospital 135 

Stranahan Statue (J. S. T.) 230 

Social Development 255-262 

Society for the Prevention of 

Cruelty to Animals 12K 

Society for the Prevention of 

Cruelt V to Children 110 



274 



INDEX. 



PAGE. 

Soldiers' and Sailors' Memorial 

Arch 230 

Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument 178 

Somerindyke "House 163 

Spuyten Duy vil (Originof Name) 169 

Spiuijrler Buildinj; 105 

St. Bartholomew's Church 132 

St. Denis Hotel 72, 88 

St. Francis Xavier College and 

Church 104 

St. George's Church 97 

St. Luke's Hospital 113, 145 

St. Mark's Church 92 

St. Mark's Gravevard 93 

St. Mark's Place ". 91 

St. Nicholas Club House 154 

St. Patrick's Cathedral 147 

St. Paul's Chapel 49 

St. Paul Building 51 

St. Thomas' Episcopal Church.. 145 

Staten Island 212 

Staten Island purchased 213 

'"Staats Zeitung" Building. 59, 73, 75 

Stadt Huys 37 

Stamp Act Riots 23 

Standard Oil Building 29 

Star Theatre 72 

Steinway Hall 99 

Stern Brothers (Dry Goods).. . . U4 

Stevens House 28 

Stewart Mansion 154 

Stewart's Old Store m 

Stewart's (A. T.) (Desecrated 

Tomb) 93 

Stock Exchange 36 

Studio Buildings 69, 129 

St uy vesant Farm 96 

St uy vesant Pear Tree 96 

Stuyvesant Square 95 

Stuy vesant Surrender 12 

Sub-Treasury Building 37 

" Sun " Building 59 

Tammany Hall 98 

Teachers' College 165 

Teachers' Training College (N. 

Y. U.) 161 

Tea Water Pump 75 

Terrace and Esplanade (Central 

Park) 184 

Temple Court 57 

Temple Emanuel 151 

Thorwaldsen Statue 201 

Throgg's Neck Fort 223 

Tiffany's 105 

Tiffany Mansion 139 

Tilden Residence 109 

"Times " Buildmg 57 

Tombs of Old St. Paul's 51 

Tombs of Trinity 34 

Tombs Pol ice Court 80 

Tombs Prison.^ 79 



PAGE. 

Tompkin's Market 1)1 

Tompkin's Square 91 

Tract Society Building 59 

" Tribune " Building 59 

Trinity Cemetery 166 

Trinity Church 30-34, 41 

Trinity Rebuilt .32 

Trophy Park (Navy Yard) 227 

Turn Verein Building 138 

Twelfth Regiment Armory 163 

Twenty-second Regt. Armory. 163 
Twenty-third Street 121 

Union Club House 1.57 

Union League Club House 153 

Union League Club House 

(Brooklyn) 2:32 

Union Square 99 

Union Square Plaza 101 

Union Square Theatre 10;^ 

Union Theological Seminary 139 

United Bank Building 36 

United Charities' Building 110 

University Building 69 

University Club 115 

University Place 160 

Van Buren Mansion 103 

Vanderbilt Clinic 135 

Vanderbilt Residences 145 

Vant ine's 121 

Van Twiller Residence 209 

Viaduct (N. Y. C. R. R.) 171 

Villard Palace \m 

Waldorf Hotel 156 

Wall Street .34, 41 

Wall Street Ferry 229 

Wallack's Theatre V£i 

Wallabout Bay 217 

Wallabout MaVket 228, 229 

Wanamaker's Store 67 

War Meeting (1861) 101 

Ward's Island 221 

Warren Street 73 

Warren Statue 230 

Washington Bridge 169, 175 

Washington Building 26 

Washington's Headquarters. . . . 169 

Washington Heights 164 

Washington's Inaugui-ation . 16,22, 25 

Washington Market 48 

Washington Memorial Arch 69 

Washington Park 228, 229 

Washington Relics 56 

Washington Square 67 

Washington Statue 39 

Washington Statue, Riverside 

Park 178 

Washington Statue (equestrian) 101 
Water Color Society Exhibition 112 
Webb's Sailors' Home 175 



INDEX 



275 



PAOE. 

Webster's Statue 187 

Welles" Building: 29 

West Bri^'hton 234 

Western Union Building 48 

Wharfa-e, Facilities of N. Y. 

Harbor 215 

Whitney Residence 145 

Whitehall Street in Old Time . . . 16 

Willett's Point (Fort) 223 

W^ilson Industrial School for 

Girls 92 

Windsor Hotel 150 

Woma,n's Hospital . 135 



PAGE 

Workingmen's School 125 

Worth Monument 118 

Wunderlich's 123 

Young Men's Christian Associa- 
tion 113 

Young Women's Christian Asso- 
ciation 104 

Zoological and Botanical Gar- 
dens (Bronx Park) 175 

Zoological Garden (Central Park) 

180, 182 



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...A VALUABLE BOOK FOR EVERY LIBRARY... 

MASSASOIT 

A ROMANTIC STORY OF THE INDIANS OF 
NEW ENGLAND. 



By alma holman burton. 



CHOICE IN LANGUAGE AND SENTIMENT. INTENSELY 
INTERESTING AND FULL OF VALUABLE INFOR- 
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THE BOOK OF LIES BY 
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WITH MANY PICTURES 
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